Suppression of Ca2+ syntillas increases spontaneous exocytosis in mouse adrenal chromaffin cells

A central concept in the physiology of neurosecretion is that a rise in cytosolic [Ca(2+)] in the vicinity of plasmalemmal Ca(2+) channels due to Ca(2+) influx elicits exocytosis. Here, we examine the effect on spontaneous exocytosis of a rise in focal cytosolic [Ca(2+)] in the vicinity of ryanodine receptors (RYRs) due to release from internal stores in the form of Ca(2+) syntillas. Ca(2+) syntillas are focal cytosolic transients mediated by RYRs, which we first found in hypothalamic magnocellular neuronal terminals. (scintilla, Latin for spark; found in nerve terminals, normally synaptic structures.) We have also observed Ca(2+) syntillas in mouse adrenal chromaffin cells. Here, we examine the effect of Ca(2+) syntillas on exocytosis in chromaffin cells. In such a study on elicited exocytosis, there are two sources of Ca(2+): one due to influx from the cell exterior through voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels, and that due to release from intracellular stores. To eliminate complications arising from Ca(2+) influx, we have examined spontaneous exocytosis where influx is not activated. We report here that decreasing syntillas leads to an increase in spontaneous exocytosis measured amperometrically. Two independent lines of experimentation each lead to this conclusion. In one case, release from stores was blocked by ryanodine; in another, stores were partially emptied using thapsigargin plus caffeine, after which syntillas were decreased. We conclude that Ca(2+) syntillas act to inhibit spontaneous exocytosis, and we propose a simple model to account quantitatively for this action of syntillas.