Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Variability: Analysis01:11

Variability: Analysis

Measures of variability are statistical metrics that reveal the dispersion pattern within a dataset. They are pivotal in biostatistics, providing insights into the heterogeneity within health and biological data. Variability signifies the degree to which data points diverge from one another, helping researchers understand the potential range of values and associated uncertainty within the data.
The range is a simple measure of variability, indicating the difference between the highest and...
Disorders of Erythrocytes01:27

Disorders of Erythrocytes

Disorders of erythrocytes, or red blood cells (RBCs), include a range of conditions affecting their number, shape, or function.
Erythrocyte disorders can be broadly categorized into two main types: anemic and polycythemic conditions.
A low oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood due to the loss, lower production, or destruction of erythrocytes is termed anemia. Hemorrhagic anemia, for example, occurs when bleeding from an external wound or internal ulcer reduces erythrocyte counts.
On the other...
Dosage Regimen: Individualization01:24

Dosage Regimen: Individualization

Individualization in dosing regimens is the customization of medication doses for individual patients. Its necessity arises from the goal of maximizing therapeutic benefits while minimizing risks. This approach is pivotal because human responses to drugs can vary widely; what is effective for one person may be inadequate or excessive for another. Interpatient (intersubject) variability refers to differences in drug responses between individuals, while intrapatient (intrasubject) variability...
Factors Affecting Erythropoiesis01:24

Factors Affecting Erythropoiesis

The cardiovascular system regulates the number of erythrocytes in the bloodstream to ensure optimal oxygen transport. It also prevents over-proliferation of these cells, which helps to maintain blood viscosity and flow rate.
Several factors influence the erythrocyte production rate, with tissue oxygen level being among the most critical. Intense exercise or high altitudes can cause tissue hypoxia, which triggers the kidneys to release more erythropoietin (EPO) into the bloodstream.
EPO then...
Hemoglobin01:24

Hemoglobin

Hemoglobin is a globular protein made up of four subunits. Two of these subunits are alpha chains, and the other two are beta chains. Each subunit contains a molecule of heme, which has an iron atom and can bind to oxygen. When an oxygen molecule binds to one heme group, it changes the shape of hemoglobin, making it easier for the other heme groups to bind oxygen as well.
When all four heme groups are bound to oxygen, the resulting molecule is called oxyhemoglobin. As a result, arterial blood...
Factors Affecting Respiration01:24

Factors Affecting Respiration

Respiration is a crucial physiological function involving exchanging oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) between an organism and its environment. Various factors can impact this essential process:

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

US Renal Data System 2025 Annual Data Report: Epidemiology of Kidney Disease in the United States.

American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation·2026
Same author

Medicaid Expansion and Optimal Starts of Treatment for Incident Kidney Failure.

American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation·2026
Same author

Anemia Treatment and Its Clinical Implications in Patients Receiving Hemodialysis Hyporesponsive to Erythropoietin-Stimulating Agents.

Kidney medicine·2026
Same author

Peritoneal Dialysis Initiation Patterns by Health Service Area during an Era of Expansion.

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN·2026
Same author

Treatment Persistence and Switch Among Medicare-Insured People with HIV and Gaps in Care.

Infectious diseases and therapy·2025
Same author

A Curve-Fitting Approach for Generating Long-Term Projections of COVID-19 Mortality.

Disaster medicine and public health preparedness·2025
Same journal

Metabolic Syndrome and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation in Chronic Kidney Disease.

American journal of nephrology·2026
Same journal

Premature Aortic Stiffness in Relation to Cerebral Small Vessel Disease, Cognitive Decline, Major Cardiovascular Events and Mortality in Dialysis.

American journal of nephrology·2026
Same journal

Adjudicating heart failure as an end point in dialysis trials- more signal, less noise.

American journal of nephrology·2026
Same journal

Bridging the Evidence-to-Practice Gap in Hypertension: Why Innovation Isn't Always Implementation.

American journal of nephrology·2026
Same journal

Adjudicating Heart Failure Events in Participants Receiving Hemodialysis: Findings from Evaluation of Cinacalcet Hydrochloride Therapy to Lower Cardiovascular Events (EVOLVE) Trial.

American journal of nephrology·2026
Same journal

Beyond the Amount: The Selectivity of Proteinuria and Risk of Graft Failure in Kidney Transplant Recipients.

American journal of nephrology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

A Point-of-Care Method with Integrated Decision Support Tool to Estimate Anemia at Population Level
05:35

A Point-of-Care Method with Integrated Decision Support Tool to Estimate Anemia at Population Level

Published on: January 19, 2024

Hemoglobin level variability: anemia management among variability groups.

David T Gilbertson1, Yi Peng, Brian Bradbury

  • 1Chronic Disease Research Group, Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, Minneapolis, Minn. 55404, USA. dgilbertson @ cdrg.org

American Journal of Nephrology
|September 30, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Anemia management interventions like erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) and iron influence hemoglobin variability in hemodialysis patients. Coordinated protocols may improve target hemoglobin achievement.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

A Point-of-Care Method with Integrated Decision Support Tool to Estimate Anemia at Population Level
05:35

A Point-of-Care Method with Integrated Decision Support Tool to Estimate Anemia at Population Level

Published on: January 19, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Hematology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Hemoglobin variability is common in hemodialysis patients.
  • Variability is linked to comorbidities, illness, and mortality.
  • Anemia management interventions include ESAs, iron, and transfusions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe how anemia management interventions affect hemoglobin variability.
  • To analyze the relationship between ESA, iron, and transfusion use and hemoglobin levels.

Main Methods:

  • Studied 159,720 Medicare hemodialysis patients with ESA claims in early 2004.
  • Categorized monthly hemoglobin into low (<11 g/dl), intermediate (11-12.5 g/dl), and high (>12.5 g/dl).
  • Classified variability based on hemoglobin extremes over 6 months and analyzed intervention use.

Main Results:

  • Highest ESA doses and transfusions were given to patients with consistently low or low-intermediate hemoglobin.
  • Patients with intermediate or high hemoglobin received lower ESA doses and fewer transfusions.
  • Intravenous iron was initially high for high hemoglobin patients, then declined; it was lowest for intermediate hemoglobin patients.

Conclusions:

  • Coordinated anemia management protocols are suggested.
  • These protocols may enhance the achievement of target hemoglobin levels in hemodialysis patients.