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Related Concept Videos

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Antibody Actions01:26

Antibody Actions

Antibodies, or immunoglobulins, are critical players in the immune system's arsenal against invading pathogens. Produced by B cells and plasma cells, their primary role is to detect and bind to specific antigens, molecules found on the surface of pathogens like bacteria or viruses. Beyond antigen recognition, antibodies perform several vital functions that contribute to immune defense.
Neutralization
Antibodies can bind to pathogens, preventing them from infecting host cells. This process...
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
Inhalation Anthrax01:25

Inhalation Anthrax

Anthrax is a zoonotic disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, a Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium. It primarily affects herbivorous animals but can be transmitted to humans through skin contact, ingestion, or inhalation of spores.Cutaneous anthrax, the most common form, typically results from direct contact with bacterial spores through skin abrasions and is generally less severe. Gastrointestinal anthrax results from eating undercooked or contaminated meat. It affects the mouth, throat, or...
Cross-reactivity00:42

Cross-reactivity

Overview
The Antiviral System of Bacteria and Archaea: CRISPR01:23

The Antiviral System of Bacteria and Archaea: CRISPR

CRISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats is a adaptive immune system found in bacteria and archaea that protects against viral infections. This system enables prokaryotic cells to identify, remember, and neutralize foreign genetic elements, primarily bacteriophages, by storing fragments of the invader’s DNA as a genetic memory.The CRISPR immune response begins during an initial infection. Cas (CRISPR-associated) proteins play a central role in this defense.

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Opsono-Adherence Assay to Evaluate Functional Antibodies in Vaccine Development Against Bacillus anthracis and Other Encapsulated Pathogens
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Published on: May 19, 2020

Why is a protective antigen protective?

Louise J Gourlay1, Giorgio Colombo, Marco Soriani

  • 1Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari e Biotecnologie, Università di Milano, Italy.

Human Vaccines
|September 30, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Identifying protective antigens for vaccines is challenging. The BacAbs project developed a knowledge-based protocol using amino acid sequences and molecular properties to accelerate the selection of effective vaccine candidates.

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Area of Science:

  • Vaccinology
  • Immunology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Identifying protective antigens is a major challenge in vaccine development.
  • Genome and proteome-based methods have aided in discovering vaccine candidates but require extensive research to identify protective antigens.
  • The structural properties enabling antigens to elicit functional immune responses remain poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a knowledge-based protocol for discerning protective from non-protective protein antigens.
  • To leverage amino acid sequences and molecular properties for antigen selection.
  • To accelerate vaccine development by improving antigen identification processes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a multidisciplinary approach within the EU-funded BacAbs project.
  • Focused on analyzing protein antigens based on their amino acid sequences and molecular properties.
  • Screened and analyzed antigens from diverse pathogens.

Main Results:

  • Developed a protocol to differentiate protective from non-protective protein antigens.
  • Successfully applied the protocol to analyze antigens from two different pathogens.
  • Demonstrated the effectiveness of the BacAbs approach in identifying potential vaccine candidates.

Conclusions:

  • The BacAbs protocol offers a more efficient method for selecting protective antigens.
  • This approach has the potential to significantly accelerate vaccine development.
  • Further application of this knowledge-based protocol can advance the field of vaccinology.