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Postanaesthetic nausea in children.

E Karlsson¹, L E Larsson, K Nilsson

¹Department of Paediatric Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Gothenburg University, Ostra Sjukhuset, Göteborg, Sweden.

Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica

|October 1, 1990

Summary

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) occurred in 25% of children. Incidence varied by age and surgery type, with younger children and specific procedures showing lower risks.

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Area of Science:

Pediatric Anesthesiology
Postoperative Care
Clinical Research

Background:

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common complication in children following anesthesia.
Understanding risk factors is crucial for optimizing pediatric anesthetic management and patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

To prospectively investigate the incidence of emetic episodes in children aged 0-16 years within 24 hours of anesthesia.
To identify factors influencing PONV, including age, premedication, anesthetic techniques, and surgical procedures.

Main Methods:

Prospective study of 485 children (0-16 years) undergoing various surgical procedures.
Data collected on age, premedication, induction and maintenance of anesthesia, surgery type, and postoperative analgesics.
Incidence of emetic episodes (nausea and vomiting) recorded and analyzed.

Main Results:

Overall incidence of emetic episodes was 25%, with most occurring post-recovery.
Vomiting was significantly lower in children under 2 years (5%).
Squint surgery had the highest incidence (75%), while endoscopies had the lowest (17%).
Premedication with diazepam and induction methods did not affect nausea incidence.
Halothane maintenance anesthesia showed lower nausea rates than fentanyl-pancuronium for similar surgeries.

Conclusions:

PONV incidence in children is multifactorial, influenced by age and surgical type.
Anesthetic maintenance technique may impact PONV rates.
Further research can refine PONV prevention strategies in pediatric populations.

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