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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Erythropoiesis01:24

Factors Affecting Erythropoiesis

The cardiovascular system regulates the number of erythrocytes in the bloodstream to ensure optimal oxygen transport. It also prevents over-proliferation of these cells, which helps to maintain blood viscosity and flow rate.
Several factors influence the erythrocyte production rate, with tissue oxygen level being among the most critical. Intense exercise or high altitudes can cause tissue hypoxia, which triggers the kidneys to release more erythropoietin (EPO) into the bloodstream.
EPO then...
Microbes and Other Elemental Cycles01:24

Microbes and Other Elemental Cycles

Microbial activity plays a pivotal role in the biogeochemical cycling of iron and manganese, especially at the redox gradients characteristic of stratified aquatic environments. These cycles are driven by microbial transformations between oxidized and reduced forms of the metals, allowing organisms to exploit them for metabolic energy and structural purposes.Iron Cycling Across Redox GradientsIn neutral, oxygen-rich surface waters, iron is predominantly found in its oxidized, insoluble ferric...
Erythropoiesis01:14

Erythropoiesis

Red blood cells  (RBCs) transport oxygen to all body tissues. These cells survive only for 120 days and then need to be replenished. Erythropoiesis is the process of RBC production. In healthy individuals, erythropoiesis ensures all tissues are amply supplied with oxygen. In addition, blood loss due to injury leads to a drop in the physiological oxygen level that will cause erythropoiesis. Any defect in erythropoiesis leads to several physiological disorders, including thalassemia, anemia, and...
Overview of Hematopoiesis01:20

Overview of Hematopoiesis

Hematopoiesis, or blood cell production, is a vital biological process that begins early in embryonic development and continues throughout life. This process generates the various types of cells found in blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).
Developmental Phases of Hematopoiesis
Initially, HSCs are formed in the embryonic yolk sac, a critical site for early blood cell production. These stem cells subsequently migrate to other...
Disorders of Erythrocytes01:27

Disorders of Erythrocytes

Disorders of erythrocytes, or red blood cells (RBCs), include a range of conditions affecting their number, shape, or function.
Erythrocyte disorders can be broadly categorized into two main types: anemic and polycythemic conditions.
A low oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood due to the loss, lower production, or destruction of erythrocytes is termed anemia. Hemorrhagic anemia, for example, occurs when bleeding from an external wound or internal ulcer reduces erythrocyte counts.
On the other...
Hemoglobin01:24

Hemoglobin

Hemoglobin is a globular protein made up of four subunits. Two of these subunits are alpha chains, and the other two are beta chains. Each subunit contains a molecule of heme, which has an iron atom and can bind to oxygen. When an oxygen molecule binds to one heme group, it changes the shape of hemoglobin, making it easier for the other heme groups to bind oxygen as well.
When all four heme groups are bound to oxygen, the resulting molecule is called oxyhemoglobin. As a result, arterial blood...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Quantitating Iron Transport Across the Mouse Placenta In Vivo Using Nonradioactive Iron Isotopes
08:45

Quantitating Iron Transport Across the Mouse Placenta In Vivo Using Nonradioactive Iron Isotopes

Published on: May 10, 2022

An update on iron physiology.

Manuel Muñoz1, Isabel Villar, José Antonio García-Erce

  • 1Transfusion Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga 29071, Spain. mmunoz@uma.es.

World Journal of Gastroenterology
|September 30, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Iron deficiency (ID) affects red blood cell production and immune function. Understanding iron metabolism and hepcidin

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Iron is vital for erythropoiesis, metabolism, and immunity, with tight regulation of absorption and internal turnover.
  • Iron deficiency (ID) and iron-deficiency anemia arise from increased needs, low intake, or blood loss.
  • Hepcidin, regulated by iron, inflammation, hypoxia, and anemia, is the primary hormone controlling iron homeostasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of hepcidin in iron regulation and its impact on iron deficiency and anemia.
  • To explain the mechanisms by which hepcidin influences iron absorption and recycling.
  • To highlight the diagnostic utility of laboratory tests in assessing iron status and anemia.

Main Methods:

  • Review of the physiological roles of iron and its regulatory mechanisms.

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Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Quantitating Iron Transport Across the Mouse Placenta In Vivo Using Nonradioactive Iron Isotopes
08:45

Quantitating Iron Transport Across the Mouse Placenta In Vivo Using Nonradioactive Iron Isotopes

Published on: May 10, 2022

Measurement of Tissue Non-Heme Iron Content using a Bathophenanthroline-Based Colorimetric Assay
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Measurement of Tissue Non-Heme Iron Content using a Bathophenanthroline-Based Colorimetric Assay

Published on: January 31, 2022

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  • Analysis of hepcidin's function as an iron regulatory hormone.
  • Discussion of laboratory tests for diagnosing iron deficiency and anemia.

    • Main Results:

    • Hepcidin binds ferroportin, leading to its degradation and reduced iron transport.
    • Excess hepcidin in inflammation causes functional ID and anemia of chronic disease (ACD).
    • Low hepcidin can result in iron overload, while laboratory tests aid in diagnosing ID status.

    Conclusions:

    • Hepcidin is central to iron homeostasis, with dysregulation leading to deficiency or overload.
    • Understanding hepcidin's role is crucial for managing iron deficiency anemia and related conditions.
    • Appropriate laboratory test combinations are essential for accurate diagnosis of iron deficiency and anemia.