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Heterogeneous Catalysis

Heterogeneous Catalysis

Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the surface of...

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes

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Published on: June 24, 2022

A model high surface area alumina-supported palladium catalyst.

Timothy Lear¹, Robert Marshall, Emma K Gibson

¹Department of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP

|October 1, 2009

Summary

A new method creates a high-surface-area alumina-supported palladium catalyst. Its unique carbon monoxide spectrum offers a valuable reference for studying catalyst structure and reactivity.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Catalysis
Surface Chemistry

Background:

High surface area catalysts are crucial for many chemical reactions.
Palladium catalysts supported on alumina are widely used.
Characterizing catalyst morphology is essential for understanding reactivity.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe a novel preparative procedure for alumina-supported palladium catalysts.
To highlight the utility of the resulting catalyst as a reference material.
To investigate the relationship between catalyst morphology and reactivity.

Main Methods:

Development of a catalyst preparation technique.
Characterization using infrared spectroscopy of chemisorbed carbon monoxide.
Evaluation of catalyst crystallite morphology.

Main Results:

A high surface area alumina-supported palladium catalyst was successfully synthesized.
The catalyst exhibited an atypical chemisorbed carbon monoxide infrared spectrum.
The substrate proved to be residue-free, suitable for reference.

Conclusions:

The described preparative procedure yields a valuable reference catalyst.
The unique spectral signature aids in evaluating catalyst morphology.
This catalyst facilitates research into structure-reactivity relationships in catalysis.