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Related Concept Videos

Solvents01:12

Solvents

A solvent is a substance, most often a liquid, that can dissolve other substances. Here, the substance being dissolved is called a solute. When a solvent and a solute combine, they form a solution - a homogenous mixture of both the solvent and the solute. Water is a universal biological solvent. Its polar structure allows it to dissolve many other polar compounds. The ability of water to dissolve is governed by a balance between water molecules binding to each other and binding to the solute.
A...

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Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Solvent Bonding for Fabrication of PMMA and COP Microfluidic Devices
04:54

Solvent Bonding for Fabrication of PMMA and COP Microfluidic Devices

Published on: January 17, 2017

Self-assembly in green solvents.

Julian Eastoe1, Sarah Gold

  • 1School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK BS8 1TS. julian.eastoe@bristol.ac.uk

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|October 1, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review covers new surfactants and polymers for carbon dioxide (CO2) and fluorinated alkanes. It highlights structure-performance, non-fluorinated options, and CO2 dispersions for synthesis, emphasizing future needs for green stabilizers.

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Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Surfactants and polymers are crucial for stabilizing dispersions in non-conventional solvents.
  • Liquid and supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) offer unique solvent properties but require specialized stabilizers.
  • Partially fluorinated alkanes present alternative solvent systems with distinct characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in the design of surfactants and polymers for liquid and supercritical CO2, and partially fluorinated alkanes.
  • To focus on structure-performance relationships and the development of non-fluorinated alternatives.
  • To discuss the applications of CO2-continuous dispersions in nanoparticle and organic synthesis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on surfactants and polymers for CO2 and fluorinated alkanes.
  • Analysis of structure-performance relationships in stabilizer design.
  • Examination of applications in nanoparticle and organic synthesis using CO2 dispersions.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress has been made in designing effective surfactants and polymers for CO2 and fluorinated alkane systems.
  • Development of non-fluorinated surfactants offers more environmentally benign options.
  • CO2-continuous dispersions have shown utility in nanoparticle and organic synthesis.

Conclusions:

  • Emerging technologies utilizing CO2 dispersions hold promise for various synthetic applications.
  • Further research is needed to develop economically viable and environmentally friendly stabilizers for CO2 dispersions.
  • Continued innovation in surfactant and polymer design is essential for advancing these technologies.