Macrophysiology: a conceptual reunification.

Area of Science:

• Physiological Ecology
• Macroecology
• Organismal Biology

Background:

• Biological studies at large spatial and temporal scales are crucial for addressing global challenges.
• Physiological ecology once encompassed large-scale studies but shifted focus to molecular mechanisms.
• Macrophysiology aims to conceptually reunite large-scale ecological and physiological research.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a conceptual framework for the development of macrophysiology.
• To guide future research in large-scale physiological ecology.
• To re-establish the importance of broad-scale biological investigations.

Main Methods:

• Defining macrophysiological patterns across diverse taxa and environments.
• Analyzing the general forms and constraints shaping these patterns.
• Investigating the underlying physiological and evolutionary mechanisms.

Main Results:

• A three-component framework for macrophysiology: pattern establishment, form determination, and mechanistic understanding.
• Identification of key areas for future research in large-scale physiological ecology.
• A roadmap for integrating physiological data across spatial and temporal scales.

Conclusions:

• Macrophysiology offers a vital approach to understanding biological diversity and adaptation.
• Reinvigorating large-scale studies is essential for ecological and physiological science.
• The proposed framework facilitates a more holistic understanding of life's patterns.