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Related Concept Videos

Hepatic Drug Excretion: Enterohepatic Cycling01:17

Hepatic Drug Excretion: Enterohepatic Cycling

Enterohepatic cycling involves the active secretion of drugs and their metabolites into the bile via transporters in the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes. This secretion is an integral part of the digestive process, releasing these substances into the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
Post-release drugs and metabolites can be reabsorbed into the body from the intestine. For conjugated metabolites like glucuronides, reabsorption requires enzymatic hydrolysis by intestinal microflora. This...
Hepatic Drug Excretion: Influencing Factors01:16

Hepatic Drug Excretion: Influencing Factors

The biliary system of the liver, crucial for bile secretion and drug excretion, comprises intrahepatic bile ducts that merge to form the common hepatic duct. This duct, carrying hepatic bile, combines with the cystic duct, draining the gallbladder and forming the common bile duct, which empties into the duodenum. Bile, produced by hepatic cells lining the bile canaliculi, is composed primarily of water, bile salts, pigments, electrolytes, and lesser amounts of cholesterol and fatty acids. Bile...
Lipid-Lowering Drugs: Statins and Miscellaneous Agents01:20

Lipid-Lowering Drugs: Statins and Miscellaneous Agents

Hyperlipidemia, a medical condition often referred to as high cholesterol, is characterized by abnormally elevated levels of lipids in the bloodstream. When present in excess, these lipids, specifically cholesterol and triglycerides, can lead to serious health complications, often involving cardiovascular diseases. Illnesses like atherosclerosis, heart attacks, and pancreatitis have all been linked to untreated hyperlipidemia. This means controlling and regulating cholesterol and triglyceride...
Drug Elimination: Non-Renal Routes01:23

Drug Elimination: Non-Renal Routes

The liver plays a pivotal role in eliminating drugs and their metabolites, primarily through a process known as biliary excretion. This process involves the hepatocytes, the primary cells in the liver that generate bile. A range of transporters actively expels polar drugs or hydrophilic drug metabolites into the bile, which transports the drugs and metabolites into the small intestine. From here, they are eventually expelled from the body through feces. In some instances, the original drug or a...
Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement01:27

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement

After oral administration, poor permeability often limits the rate at which drugs are absorbed through the intestinal epithelium. Enhancing drug permeability is crucial for effective therapy, and several strategies have been developed to overcome this challenge.One effective strategy involves the use of lipid-based formulations. These formulations enhance dissolution and solubility, targeting physiological mechanisms to increase drug absorption. This includes stimulating bile salt secretion,...
Enhanced Elimination of Poison01:26

Enhanced Elimination of Poison

Poison can be effectively removed from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract through various decontamination procedures.
Antidotes serve a crucial role in counteracting the effects of poison by inhibiting enzymes responsible for producing harmful drug metabolites. In some cases, these toxic metabolites can be neutralized by endogenous cosubstrates, which are maintained at specific concentrations to prevent interaction with cellular macromolecules and subsequent cell death.
Renal excretion is the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Using Multi-fluorinated Bile Acids and In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Measure Bile Acid Transport
08:42

Using Multi-fluorinated Bile Acids and In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Measure Bile Acid Transport

Published on: November 27, 2016

Rediscovering bile acid sequestrants.

D S H Bell1, James H O'Keefe

  • 1Southside Endocrinology and University of Alabama Medical School-Birmingham, Alabama, USA.

Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism
|October 1, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adding colesevelam to statin therapy may reduce cardiovascular events and prevent new-onset diabetes. This bile acid sequestrant offers lipid-lowering and glucose-lowering benefits, particularly for diabetic patients.

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Ileectomy-induced Bile Overaccumulation in Mouse Intestine
06:55

Ileectomy-induced Bile Overaccumulation in Mouse Intestine

Published on: August 21, 2017

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Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Using Multi-fluorinated Bile Acids and In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Measure Bile Acid Transport
08:42

Using Multi-fluorinated Bile Acids and In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Measure Bile Acid Transport

Published on: November 27, 2016

Ileectomy-induced Bile Overaccumulation in Mouse Intestine
06:55

Ileectomy-induced Bile Overaccumulation in Mouse Intestine

Published on: August 21, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Statins, like rosuvastatin, effectively reduce cardiovascular events but may increase type 2 diabetes risk.
  • This increased diabetes risk is consistent with meta-analyses on statin use.
  • The bile acid sequestrant colesevelam is approved for diabetes therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if adding a bile acid sequestrant to statin therapy can further decrease lipid levels and cardiovascular events.
  • To determine if this combination therapy can protect against the development of diabetes.

Main Methods:

  • Hypothesized that combining a bile acid sequestrant with a statin would yield additional benefits.
  • Considered the known glucose-lowering and lipid-lowering effects of bile acid sequestrants.

Main Results:

  • Colesevelam enhances statin therapy by lowering low-density lipoprotein (LDL) by 16% and C-reactive protein (CRP) by 22%.
  • Bile acid sequestrants provide lipid-lowering, glucose-lowering, and anti-inflammatory effects.
  • These agents have demonstrated a reduction in cardiovascular event risk.

Conclusions:

  • Colesevelam is a logical addition to statin therapy for diabetic and insulin-resistant patients.
  • It may prevent diabetes development and improve glycemic control in established diabetics.
  • The combination therapy offers dual benefits of reducing cardiac risk and managing diabetes.