Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Assessment of Ventilation I: Respiratory Rate01:20

Assessment of Ventilation I: Respiratory Rate

Assessment of Ventilation
A Ventilation assessment is critical for monitoring a patient's health status. Respiration, one of the most accessible vital signs, provides insights into the function of numerous body systems and can indicate serious health issues, such as brainstem injuries from head trauma.
Critical Guidelines for Assessing Ventilation:
Respiratory Volumes and Capacities01:22

Respiratory Volumes and Capacities

The respiratory system is responsible for the intake of oxygen and the expulsion of carbon dioxide from the body. Respiratory volumes describe the volume of air in the lungs at different phases of the respiratory cycle. Tidal volume is the air breathed in and out during normal, quiet breathing. Inspiratory reserve volume is the air that can be forcefully inspired beyond the tidal volume. In contrast, expiratory reserve volume refers to the air that can be expelled from the lungs after a normal...
Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm01:29

Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm

Respiratory Depth
Respiratory depth measures the volume of air inhaled or exhaled during a breath. It can vary from shallow to deep and typically remains consistent when a person is at rest or asleep. Occasionally, individuals will automatically inhale deeply, known as sighing, which inflates the lungs with more air than normal breathing.
To assess respiratory depth, observe the degree of chest excursion or movement:
Mechanical Ventilation II: Invasive Ventilation01:23

Mechanical Ventilation II: Invasive Ventilation

Ventilators are essential medical equipment used to aid patients with respiratory difficulties. Their primary function is to assist or replace spontaneous breathing by providing mechanical ventilation. There are two general classes of mechanical ventilators: negative-pressure and positive-pressure ventilators.
Negative-Pressure Ventilators
Negative-pressure ventilators create a vacuum around the chest or body to draw air into the lungs, simulating breathing. This method does not require an...
Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation01:19

Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation

Besides the pressure difference between the external environment and the lungs, the airflow rate and ease of pulmonary ventilation are also influenced by three other factors: surface tension of the fluid in the alveoli, compliance of the lungs, and airway resistance.
Alveolar Surface Tension
The alveolar fluid lines the luminal surface of the alveoli and exerts a force called surface tension. This force is caused by the polar water molecules in the liquid being more strongly attracted to each...
Mechanical Ventilation I: Indication and Settings01:29

Mechanical Ventilation I: Indication and Settings

Mechanical ventilation is a life-saving technique for managing acute respiratory failure and other respiratory complications. The process involves using a machine known as a ventilator to supply oxygen to the lungs and assist in removing carbon dioxide. It serves as a bridge to long-term mechanical ventilation or a temporary measure until ventilatory support is discontinued. The ventilator can maintain this function for a prolonged period, providing critical support for patients until they can...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A cohort study on poisons, clinical insights, management of poisoning, and predictors of mortality in Pakistan.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Epidemiological mapping of drug-susceptible and resistant tuberculosis in 30 WHO high-burden countries: <i>Three decades of GBD 2023 trends, projections to 2043 and concordance with WHO estimates</i>.

Saudi medical journal·2026
Same author

Evaluating the comparative efficacy of multimodal treatment strategies for hyperkalemia management in a tertiary care hospital setting: A prospective cohort study.

Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences·2025
Same author

Genomic profiling and network-level understanding uncover the potential genes and the pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Frontiers in genetics·2022
Same author

Survey data of public in Sindh Pakistan regarding willingness to accept COVID-19 vaccination.

PloS one·2022
Same author

Bax/Bcl-2 Cascade Is Regulated by the EGFR Pathway: Therapeutic Targeting of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Frontiers in oncology·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Combining Volumetric Capnography And Barometric Plethysmography To Measure The Lung Structure-function Relationship
08:25

Combining Volumetric Capnography And Barometric Plethysmography To Measure The Lung Structure-function Relationship

Published on: January 8, 2019

Predicting dead space ventilation in critically ill patients using clinically available data.

David C Frankenfield1, Shoaib Alam, Edgar Bekteshi

  • 1Department of Clinical Nutrition, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA. Dfrankenfield@hmc.psu.edu

Critical Care Medicine
|October 1, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new equation predicts dead space to tidal volume ratio (Vd/Vt) in critically ill patients using readily available clinical data. This validated tool aids in assessing respiratory function for mechanically ventilated individuals.

More Related Videos

Monitoring Lung Function with Electrical Impedance Tomography in the Intensive Care Unit
05:56

Monitoring Lung Function with Electrical Impedance Tomography in the Intensive Care Unit

Published on: September 6, 2024

Surfactant Depletion Combined with Injurious Ventilation Results in a Reproducible Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
06:22

Surfactant Depletion Combined with Injurious Ventilation Results in a Reproducible Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

Published on: April 7, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Combining Volumetric Capnography And Barometric Plethysmography To Measure The Lung Structure-function Relationship
08:25

Combining Volumetric Capnography And Barometric Plethysmography To Measure The Lung Structure-function Relationship

Published on: January 8, 2019

Monitoring Lung Function with Electrical Impedance Tomography in the Intensive Care Unit
05:56

Monitoring Lung Function with Electrical Impedance Tomography in the Intensive Care Unit

Published on: September 6, 2024

Surfactant Depletion Combined with Injurious Ventilation Results in a Reproducible Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
06:22

Surfactant Depletion Combined with Injurious Ventilation Results in a Reproducible Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

Published on: April 7, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Respiratory Physiology
  • Clinical Engineering

Background:

  • The dead space to tidal volume ratio (Vd/Vt) is a key indicator of respiratory efficiency in mechanically ventilated patients.
  • Accurate Vd/Vt measurement is crucial for optimizing ventilation strategies.
  • Existing methods for Vd/Vt calculation can be complex or require specialized equipment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a predictive equation for Vd/Vt using easily obtainable clinical parameters.
  • To provide a practical tool for estimating Vd/Vt in critically ill, mechanically ventilated patients.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective, observational study was conducted on adult, mechanically ventilated patients.
  • Data collected included arterial blood gases, end-tidal carbon dioxide, respiratory rate, age, and ventilator settings.
  • Indirect calorimetry was used to determine carbon dioxide production and expired minute ventilation for Vd/Vt calculation.

Main Results:

  • A predictive equation was developed: Vd/Vt = 0.32 + 0.0106 (Paco2 - ETCO2) + 0.003 (RR) + 0.0015 (age) (R = 0.67).
  • The equation was validated in a separate cohort of patients and found to be unbiased and precise.
  • The derived equation demonstrated good correlation with Vd/Vt calculated via indirect calorimetry.

Conclusions:

  • Dead space to tidal volume ratio (Vd/Vt) can be reliably predicted using standard clinical data.
  • The clinical utility and impact of this predictive equation on patient outcomes require further investigation.