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Updated: Jun 19, 2026

An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis

Published on: February 8, 2019

Giant cell arteritis as a cardiovascular entity.

P Houthuizen¹, P E Polak, M A L Edelbroek

¹Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.

Netherlands Heart Journal : Monthly Journal of the Netherlands Society of Cardiology and the Netherlands Heart Foundation

|October 1, 2009

Summary

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is an underdiagnosed condition that can lead to fatal aortic aneurysms. Early diagnosis with FDG-PET imaging and prompt glucocorticosteroid treatment can prevent severe vascular complications.

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Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Imaging of Aortic Calcification and Inflammation

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Published on: May 31, 2016

Area of Science:

Cardiology
Rheumatology
Nuclear Medicine

Background:

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is an infrequent vasculitis.
It is often underdiagnosed and overlooked in general cardiology.
GCA poses a significant risk for fatal aortic aneurysms.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the importance of recognizing GCA in cardiology.
To emphasize the diagnostic role of FDG-PET imaging.
To underscore the benefits of early GCA treatment.

Main Methods:

Clinical history and examination.
Laboratory investigations.
(18)F-2-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomographic (FDG-PET) imaging for diagnosis confirmation.

Main Results:

FDG-PET imaging can confirm suspected GCA.
Early GCA recognition and treatment are crucial.
Prompt glucocorticosteroid therapy reduces large-vessel complication risks.

Conclusions:

Familiarity with GCA's clinical presentation is vital for cardiologists.
FDG-PET imaging is a key diagnostic tool for GCA.
Timely intervention with glucocorticosteroids mitigates severe outcomes in GCA.