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Magnetic Fields

Magnetic Fields

A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
A magnetic field is defined by the force that a charged particle experiences...

Faraday Disk Dynamo

Faraday Disk Dynamo

A Faraday disk dynamo is a DC generator, producing an emf that is constant in time. It consists of a conducting disk that rotates with a constant angular velocity in the magnetic field, perpendicular to the disk's plane. The rotation of the disk causes a change in magnetic flux, which induces an emf, causing opposite charges to develop on the rim and in the center of the disk. The polarity of the induced emf can be determined by the direction of the magnetic field and the direction of the...

Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges

Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges

A stationary charge creates and interacts with the electric field, while a moving charge creates a magnetic field.
Consider a point charge moving with a constant velocity. Like the electric field, the magnetic field at any point is directly proportional to the magnitude of the charge and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the source point and the field point. However, unlike the electric field, the magnetic field is always perpendicular to the plane containing the line...

Faraday's Law

Faraday's Law

Faraday's law state that the induced emf is the negative change in the magnetic flux per unit of time. Any change in the magnetic field or change in the orientation of the area of the coil with respect to the magnetic field induces a voltage (emf). The magnetic flux measures the number of magnetic field lines through a given surface area. Magnetic flux is estimated from the integral of the dot product of the magnetic field vector and the area vector. The negative sign describes the direction in...

Magnetic Field Of A Current Loop

Magnetic Field Of A Current Loop

Consider a circular loop with a radius a, that carries a current I. The magnetic field due to the current at an arbitrary point P along the axis of the loop can be calculated using the Biot-Savart law.

Magnetic Field Due To A Thin Straight Wire

Magnetic Field Due To A Thin Straight Wire

Consider an infinitely long straight wire carrying a current I. The magnetic field at point P at a distance a from the origin can be calculated using the Biot-Savart law.

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Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Frequency Mixing Magnetic Detection Scanner for Imaging Magnetic Particles in Planar Samples

Frequency Mixing Magnetic Detection Scanner for Imaging Magnetic Particles in Planar Samples

Published on: June 9, 2016

Microscopic Faraday rotation measurement system using pulsed magnetic fields.

Shigeki Egami¹, Hitoshi Watarai

¹Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama-machi, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.

The Review of Scientific Instruments

|October 2, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A new microscopic Faraday rotation system measures magneto-optical effects in small diamagnetic and paramagnetic materials using a pulsed magnetic field up to 12 Tesla. The system was validated by measuring the Verdet constant of polystyrene.

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Area of Science:

Physics
Materials Science
Optics

Background:

Faraday rotation is a fundamental magneto-optical phenomenon.
Measuring this effect in microscopic materials requires specialized high-field instrumentation.
Understanding magneto-optical properties is crucial for materials characterization.

Purpose of the Study:

To construct and demonstrate a microscopic Faraday rotation measurement system.
To enable the study of micron-sized diamagnetic and paramagnetic materials.
To analyze magneto-optical rotation dispersion and its relation to magnetic susceptibility.

Main Methods:

Development of a microscopic Faraday rotation measurement system.
Utilizing a pulsed magnetic coil capable of generating up to 12 Tesla.
Calibration using a glass plate standard and measurement of polystyrene particles.

Main Results:

Successful construction and performance demonstration of the microscopic Faraday rotation system.
Accurate measurement of the Verdet constant (V) for polystyrene.
Characterization of magneto-optical rotation dispersion (V=alambda(-2)+b) for diamagnetic substances.

Conclusions:

The developed system is effective for measuring microscopic Faraday rotation in various materials.
The relationship between magneto-optical coefficients (a, b) and magnetic susceptibility was investigated.
This technique provides a valuable tool for probing the magnetic and optical properties of micro-scale materials.