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Related Concept Videos

Drying Shrinkage01:21

Drying Shrinkage

When hardened concrete is exposed to air with a relative humidity of less than 100 percent, it begins to lose the free water within its capillaries. As this water evaporates, the water initially adsorbed onto the calcium silicate hydrates migrates towards these now empty spaces and eventually evaporates as well. Over time, as more water leaves, the volume of the concrete decreases, a phenomenon known as drying shrinkage.
A portion of this drying shrinkage can be reversed; if the concrete is...

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Related Experiment Video

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Fabrication of Large-area Free-standing Ultrathin Polymer Films
10:08

Fabrication of Large-area Free-standing Ultrathin Polymer Films

Published on: June 3, 2015

Final shape of a drying thin film.

Tohru Okuzono1, Masaru Kobayashi, Masao Doi

  • 1Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|October 2, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This study models polymer film drying, revealing that initial parameters determine final shapes like craters or basins. Shape diagrams illustrate these outcomes with and without diffusion effects.

Area of Science:

  • Polymer science
  • Materials science
  • Fluid dynamics

Background:

  • Understanding polymer film formation is crucial for material properties.
  • Solvent evaporation dynamics influence thin-film morphology.
  • Previous models often simplify the complex drying process.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the drying process of polymer solutions on substrates.
  • To develop a model predicting the final shape of polymer films.
  • To analyze the influence of initial parameters on film morphology.

Main Methods:

  • Modeling slow solvent evaporation from polymer solutions.
  • Deriving analytical expressions for final film shape.
  • Analyzing parameter dependence using "shape diagrams".

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Main Results:

  • Identified craterlike and basinlike shapes as common final film morphologies.
  • Demonstrated that initial parameters dictate the resulting film shape.
  • Presented shape diagrams illustrating parameter dependence, with and without diffusion.

Conclusions:

  • The final shape of polymer films is predictable based on initial conditions.
  • Diffusion plays a significant role in determining film morphology.
  • The model provides insights into thin-film formation during drying.