Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

First Law: Particles in One-dimensional Equilibrium01:10

First Law: Particles in One-dimensional Equilibrium

Newton's first law of motion states that a body at rest remains at rest, or if in motion, remains in motion at constant velocity, unless acted on by a net external force. It also states that there must be a cause for any change in velocity (a change in either magnitude or direction) to occur. This cause is a net external force. For example, consider what happens to an object sliding along a rough horizontal surface. The object quickly grinds to a halt, due to the net force of friction. If we...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
First Law: Particles in Two-dimensional Equilibrium01:18

First Law: Particles in Two-dimensional Equilibrium

Recall that a particle in equilibrium is one for which the external forces are balanced. Static equilibrium involves objects at rest, and dynamic equilibrium involves objects in motion without acceleration; but it is important to remember that these conditions are relative. For instance, an object may be at rest when viewed from one frame of reference, but that same object would appear to be in motion when viewed by someone moving at a constant velocity.
Newton's first law tells us about the...
Equilibrium Conditions for a Particle01:23

Equilibrium Conditions for a Particle

When an object is in equilibrium, it is either at rest or moving with a constant velocity. There are two types of equilibrium: static and dynamic. Static equilibrium occurs when an object is at rest, while dynamic equilibrium occurs when an object is moving with a constant velocity. In both cases, there must be a balance of forces acting on the object.
To understand the concept of equilibrium, let us first consider the forces acting on an object. When different forces act on an object, they can...
Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
Atomic Spectroscopy: Effects of Temperature01:27

Atomic Spectroscopy: Effects of Temperature

Atomization, converting samples into gas-phase atoms and ions, is essential for atomic spectroscopy. The flame temperature required for atomization affects the efficiency of the atomic spectroscopic methods by increasing the atomization efficiency and the relative population of the excited and ground states.
At thermal equilibrium, the relative populations of excited and ground state atoms can be estimated using the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution. For example, an increase in temperature from...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Effective Delocalization in the One-Dimensional Anderson Model with Stealthy Disorder.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Communication: Modeling layered mosaic perovskite alloy microstructures across length scales via a packing algorithm.

The Journal of chemical physics·2025
Same author

Evolution of various initial many-particle configurations to disordered stealthy hyperuniform ground states.

Physical review. E·2025
Same author

Quantifying when hyperuniformity of a many-particle system leads to uniformity across length scales.

Physical review. E·2025
Same author

Dynamical properties of particulate composites derived from ultradense stealthy hyperuniform sphere packings.

Physical review. E·2025
Same author

Ultradense sphere packings derived from disordered stealthy hyperuniform ground states.

The Journal of chemical physics·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Advanced Experimental Methods for Low-temperature Magnetotransport Measurement of Novel Materials
10:36

Advanced Experimental Methods for Low-temperature Magnetotransport Measurement of Novel Materials

Published on: January 21, 2016

Novel low-temperature behavior in classical many-particle systems.

Robert D Batten1, Frank H Stillinger, Salvatore Torquato

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|October 2, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Classical many-particle systems in 2D with soft interactions show unique low-temperature behaviors. Ground states range from disordered to crystalline, with vanishing normal-mode frequencies impacting material properties.

More Related Videos

Trapping of Micro Particles in Nanoplasmonic Optical Lattice
07:20

Trapping of Micro Particles in Nanoplasmonic Optical Lattice

Published on: September 5, 2017

Writing and Low-Temperature Characterization of Oxide Nanostructures
06:43

Writing and Low-Temperature Characterization of Oxide Nanostructures

Published on: July 18, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Advanced Experimental Methods for Low-temperature Magnetotransport Measurement of Novel Materials
10:36

Advanced Experimental Methods for Low-temperature Magnetotransport Measurement of Novel Materials

Published on: January 21, 2016

Trapping of Micro Particles in Nanoplasmonic Optical Lattice
07:20

Trapping of Micro Particles in Nanoplasmonic Optical Lattice

Published on: September 5, 2017

Writing and Low-Temperature Characterization of Oxide Nanostructures
06:43

Writing and Low-Temperature Characterization of Oxide Nanostructures

Published on: July 18, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Classical many-particle systems are fundamental to understanding material properties.
  • Low-temperature behaviors often reveal emergent phenomena in physical systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate novel low-temperature behaviors in two-dimensional classical many-particle systems.
  • To explore the relationship between ground states, normal-mode frequencies, and material properties.

Main Methods:

  • Simulation of classical many-particle systems with soft pair interactions in 2D.
  • Analysis of ground-state configurations across various densities.
  • Calculation of normal-mode frequencies and shear moduli.
  • Examination of thermal expansion during melting transitions.

Main Results:

  • Observed a spectrum of ground states from disordered to crystalline.
  • Identified vanishing normal-mode frequencies at specific densities.
  • Lattice ground states exhibited more vanishing frequencies and zero shear moduli compared to disordered states.
  • Measured a negative thermal expansion coefficient during crystal melting.

Conclusions:

  • The energy landscape topography is crucial for understanding these unusual behaviors.
  • Soft pair interactions in 2D systems lead to unique low-temperature mechanical properties.
  • Vanishing normal-mode frequencies are indicators of specific ground-state properties and phase transitions.