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The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra. Schrödinger...
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An experiment often consists of more than a single step. In this case, measurements at each step give rise to uncertainty. Because the measurements occur in successive steps, the uncertainty in one step necessarily contributes to that in the subsequent step. As we perform statistical analysis on these types of experiments, we must learn to account for the propagation of uncertainty from one step to the next. The propagation of uncertainty depends on the type of arithmetic operation performed on...
The Uncertainty Principle04:08

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The mathematical expression known as the wave function, ψ, contains information about each orbital and the wavelike properties of electrons in an isolated atom. When atoms are bound together in a molecule, the wave functions combine to produce new mathematical descriptions that have different shapes. This process of combining the wave functions for atomic orbitals is called hybridization and is mathematically accomplished by the linear combination of atomic orbitals. The new orbitals that...

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Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
09:23

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

Quantum teamwork for unconditional multiparty communication with Gaussian states.

Jing Zhang1, Gerardo Adesso, Changde Xie

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China. jzhang74@yahoo.com

Physical Review Letters
|October 2, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Continuous variable Gaussian states enable multipartite quantum communication. A novel quantum teamwork protocol allows faithful teleportation of entangled states between multiple users, overcoming entanglement frustration challenges.

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A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
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Published on: September 5, 2019

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Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
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A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
07:56

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Quantum Communication
  • Quantum Entanglement

Background:

  • Multipartite quantum information sharing is crucial for advanced quantum networks.
  • Existing protocols face limitations with complex entangled states and user arrangements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate continuous variable Gaussian states for multipartite quantum communication.
  • To introduce a quantum teamwork protocol for reliable state teleportation among multiple users.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing N-mode Gaussian weighted graph states for unconditional quantum teamwork.
  • Developing a protocol for faithful teleportation of arbitrary entangled multimode states.

Main Results:

  • Existence of N-mode Gaussian weighted graph states for arbitrary N is proven.
  • The protocol enables unconditional quantum teamwork for any team arrangement.
  • Continuous variable maximally multipartite entangled resources are demonstrated.

Conclusions:

  • Continuous variable Gaussian states offer a robust platform for multipartite quantum information transfer.
  • The proposed quantum teamwork protocol effectively overcomes entanglement frustration issues inherent in multiqubit systems.