Experimental demonstration of single-site addressability in a two-dimensional optical lattice

We demonstrate single-site addressability in a two-dimensional optical lattice with 600 nm lattice spacing. After loading a Bose-Einstein condensate in the lattice potential, we use a focused electron beam to remove atoms from selected sites. The patterned structure is subsequently imaged by means of scanning electron microscopy. This technique allows one to create arbitrary patterns of mesoscopic atomic ensembles. We find that the patterns are remarkably stable against tunneling diffusion. Such microengineered quantum gases are a versatile resource for applications in quantum simulation, quantum optics, and quantum information processing with neutral atoms.