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Related Concept Videos

Herpes01:28

Herpes

Herpes simplex type 1 (HSV‑1) is a widespread pathogen responsible for orolabial lesions. It is an enveloped, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus belonging to the family Herpesviridae. Once the virus infects a host cell, its double‑stranded DNA genome is delivered into the nucleus, where a coordinated cascade of immediate‑early, early, and late gene expression directs viral DNA replication, structural protein synthesis, and virion assembly. After primary infection of epithelial cells, HSV-1...
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Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, a small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family and Enterovirus genus. Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of contaminated water or food. The virus initially replicates in the oropharynx and intestinal mucosa, particularly in lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and regional lymph nodes. Primary viremia follows, allowing dissemination throughout the body.In most...
Rabies01:28

Rabies

Rabies is a lethal zoonotic disease caused by a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus of the Lyssavirus genus, within the family Rhabdoviridae. Its primary mode of transmission to humans is through bites or saliva-contaminated scratches from infected mammals such as dogs, bats, raccoons, or foxes. Transmission can also occur if infectious saliva contacts abraded skin or intact mucous membranes, including the conjunctiva.Viral Entry and Early ReplicationOnce introduced at the bite or scratch...
Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
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Genital Herpes

Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted infection primarily caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), though herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is increasingly implicated in genital infections, particularly among younger populations. Transmission occurs mainly through sexual contact, with asymptomatic viral shedding serving as a major route of spread. This characteristic makes HSV-2 difficult to control at a population level, as individuals may unknowingly transmit the virus even in the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Dissecting Host-virus Interaction in Lytic Replication of a Model Herpesvirus
11:28

Dissecting Host-virus Interaction in Lytic Replication of a Model Herpesvirus

Published on: October 7, 2011

Monkey B virus (Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1).

David Elmore1, Richard Eberle

  • 1Charles River Laboratories, Wilmington, MA, USA.

Comparative Medicine
|October 2, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

B virus (Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1; BV) poses a significant risk to humans, despite being common in macaques. This review details BV

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Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Dissecting Host-virus Interaction in Lytic Replication of a Model Herpesvirus
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Published on: October 7, 2011

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Ex Vivo Infection of Murine Epidermis with Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1
11:56

Ex Vivo Infection of Murine Epidermis with Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1

Published on: August 24, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Primate Virology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Nonhuman Primate Models

Background:

  • Macaques are crucial models in biomedical research.
  • B virus (Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1; BV) is an alpha-herpesvirus endemic in macaque populations.
  • While typically causing mild illness in macaques, BV is highly pathogenic in humans, with a >70% fatality rate if the central nervous system is involved.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the natural history of B virus in macaques.
  • To summarize molecular aspects of B virus.
  • To address challenges in diagnosing BV infections and establishing BV-free macaque colonies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on B virus natural history.
  • Analysis of molecular data pertaining to B virus.
  • Examination of diagnostic methods and strategies for B virus eradication in macaque colonies.

Main Results:

  • B virus is widespread in conventional macaque populations.
  • Human BV infection carries a high mortality rate, often due to neurological complications.
  • Accurate diagnosis of BV in both macaques and humans is challenging.
  • Establishing and maintaining specific pathogen-free macaque colonies free from BV is difficult.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding B virus natural history and molecular biology is essential for managing risks.
  • Improved diagnostic tools are needed for effective B virus detection.
  • Overcoming challenges in creating and maintaining BV-free macaque colonies is critical for research safety.