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Laparoscopic Technique for Serial Collection of Liver and Mesenteric Lymph Nodes in Macaques
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Comparative pathobiology of macaque lymphocryptoviruses.

Angela Carville1, Keith G Mansfield

  • 1Harvard Medical School, New England Primate Research Center, Southborough, MA, USA.

Comparative Medicine
|October 2, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Lymphocryptoviruses (LCVs) in nonhuman primates resemble Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and can cause malignant lymphomas. Understanding LCVs aids in preventing diseases, especially in transplant recipients and in deriving specific pathogen-free animals.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Primate Health

Background:

  • Lymphocryptoviruses (LCVs) are widespread in Old and New World nonhuman primates.
  • LCVs are closely related to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV, Human herpesvirus 4), sharing genomic and biological similarities.
  • These viruses exhibit cell immortalization and express viral lytic/latent genes akin to EBV.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the comparative pathobiology of lymphocryptoviral infections in nonhuman primates.
  • To discuss the implications of LCVs in oncogenesis and lymphoproliferative diseases.
  • To explore the derivation of specific pathogen-free animals in the context of LCV research.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of LCVs and EBV.
  • Review of existing literature on LCV pathobiology and oncogenesis.
  • Discussion of LCV-associated diseases in natural and inadvertent hosts.

Main Results:

  • Nonhuman primate LCVs can immortalize B cells from related species, indicating host-virus co-evolution.
  • Cross-species transmission of LCVs can lead to oncogenesis and malignant lymphoma.
  • Simian LCVs induce lymphomas in immunodeficient hosts and are linked to posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disease.

Conclusions:

  • LCVs represent significant pathogens in nonhuman primates with implications for cross-species transmission and disease.
  • Understanding LCV pathobiology is crucial for managing primate health and preventing oncogenesis.
  • Research into LCVs informs strategies for deriving specific pathogen-free animals and managing diseases in transplantation.