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Related Concept Videos

Glomerular Filtration01:15

Glomerular Filtration

The filtration membrane in the renal system is a highly specialized structure essential for filtering blood. It consists of glomerular capillaries and podocytes, forming a selective barrier that permits the passage of water and small solutes while restricting most plasma proteins and blood cells.
Components of the Filtration Membrane
The filtration process involves three key layers: the glomerular endothelial cells, the basement membrane, and the podocyte-formed filtration slits.
Renal Corpuscle01:20

Renal Corpuscle

The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
Glomerulus: Structure and Function
The glomerulus is a tiny, intricate network of capillaries located at the beginning of the nephron. It's enveloped by the Bowman's capsule and receives its blood supply from an afferent arteriole, which divides into numerous capillaries...
Glomerular Filtration Rate and its Regulation01:28

Glomerular Filtration Rate and its Regulation

The Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) is a measure of kidney function, reflecting the volume of filtrate formed per minute in the kidneys. On average, GFR is approximately 125 mL/min in males and 105 mL/min in females. Maintaining a relatively constant GFR is essential for the kidneys to effectively regulate body fluid homeostasis and maintain extracellular stability.
GFR regulation involves two primary intrinsic controls: the myogenic and tubuloglomerular feedback mechanisms.
The myogenic...
Tight Junctions01:29

Tight Junctions

Tight junctions are molecular seals between cells that prevent the leaking of fluids, ions, and other small solutes across cavities and compartments in multicellular organisms. They are mainly composed of claudin and occludin transmembrane proteins, and other proteins such as tricellulin and JAM (junctional adhesion molecule). All these proteins are 4-pass transmembrane proteins, except JAM, which is a single-pass transmembrane protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. The...
Reabsorption and Secretion in the PCT01:28

Reabsorption and Secretion in the PCT

The Proximal Convoluted Tubule, or PCT, plays a pivotal role in the body's filtration system. They are primarily responsible for reabsorbing solutes and water from the filtered fluid produced by the glomeruli. Most of the filtered water, ions, and organic solutes such as glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed by the PCT.
Transport mechanisms involving sodium ions (Na+) contribute significantly to solute reabsorption. These mechanisms include symport and antiport processes.
A key example is the...
Physiology of the Genitourinary System II: Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion01:22

Physiology of the Genitourinary System II: Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion

The kidneys maintain homeostasis through filtration, reabsorption, and secretion. Tubular reabsorption and secretion are crucial in forming urine and regulating electrolytes, water balance, and waste elimination.Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion ProcessesTubular reabsorption is the process that reclaims essential substances such as electrolytes, glucose, amino acids, and water from the glomerular filtrate back into the bloodstream. This is achieved through passive and active transport...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Glomerular Outgrowth as an Ex Vivo Assay to Analyze Pathways Involved in Parietal Epithelial Cell Activation
06:39

Glomerular Outgrowth as an Ex Vivo Assay to Analyze Pathways Involved in Parietal Epithelial Cell Activation

Published on: August 19, 2020

A new function for parietal epithelial cells: a second glomerular barrier.

Takamoto Ohse1, Alice M Chang, Jeffrey W Pippin

  • 1Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-6521, USA. toose-tky@umin.ac.jp

American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology
|October 2, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Parietal epithelial cells (PECs) form a crucial barrier in the glomerulus, utilizing tight junctions (TJ) to prevent protein leakage. Injury to PECs disrupts this barrier, leading to protein filtration and inflammation in anti-glomerular basement membrane disease.

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Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Glomerular Outgrowth as an Ex Vivo Assay to Analyze Pathways Involved in Parietal Epithelial Cell Activation
06:39

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Published on: August 19, 2020

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Published on: April 17, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Cell Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The function of glomerular parietal epithelial cells (PECs) in kidney filtration remains unclear.
  • Tight junctions (TJ) are critical for maintaining epithelial barriers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of PECs and their tight junctions (TJ) as a barrier to protein filtration.
  • To examine changes in PEC TJ during anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) disease.

Main Methods:

  • Electron microscopy to visualize TJ between PECs in normal and diseased kidneys.
  • Immunohistochemistry to assess TJ protein expression (claudin-1, zonula occludens-1, occludin) in PECs.
  • In vivo tracer studies using dextran and ovalbumin to evaluate barrier permeability.

Main Results:

  • Normal PECs exhibit well-defined TJ, which are disrupted in anti-GBM disease.
  • Expression of TJ proteins decreases in PECs during anti-GBM disease.
  • Increased permeability of the PEC-Bowman's basement membrane barrier allows tracer filtration and extraglomerular leakage.

Conclusions:

  • PECs, along with their underlying Bowman's basement membrane, form a secondary barrier to protein filtration.
  • Disruption of PEC TJ integrity contributes to protein leakage and periglomerular inflammation in anti-GBM disease.