Full-wave rectified sinusoidal ruling for measuring Gaussian beam diameters
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Updated: Jun 19, 2026
10:39
Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating
Published on: October 11, 2016
Optics Letters
|October 2, 2009
Abstract:
A novel full-wave rectified sinusoidal grating is proposed for the measurement of Gaussian laser beam diameters. It is found that this new grating provides accurate measurement for both small and large Gaussian beam diameters and has proved to be superior to the Ronchi, triangular, and sinusoidal rulings.
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01:20Graphical and Analytic Representation of Sinusoids
Analyzing two sinusoidal voltages with equal amplitude and period but different phases on an oscilloscope, an instrument used to display and analyze waveforms, involves a three-step process.
The first step is measuring the peak-to-peak value, which is twice the amplitude of the sinusoid. This provides information about the maximum voltage swing of the waveform.
Secondly, the period and angular frequency are determined. The period is the time taken for one complete cycle of the waveform, while...
The first step is measuring the peak-to-peak value, which is twice the amplitude of the sinusoid. This provides information about the maximum voltage swing of the waveform.
Secondly, the period and angular frequency are determined. The period is the time taken for one complete cycle of the waveform, while...
01:11Distribution of Stresses in a Narrow Rectangular Beam
In studying beam stress distribution, examining an elemental section is essential. To determine the average shearing stress on this face, the calculated shear is divided by the surface area. Importantly, shearing stresses on the beam's transverse and horizontal planes mirror each other, indicating a consistent stress distribution along the upper region of the beam. Notably, shearing stresses are absent at the beam's upper and lower surfaces due to the absence of applied forces in these areas.
01:22Full wave rectifier
A full-wave rectifier is a device that converts alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) and is more efficient than its half-wave counterpart. It typically includes a center-tapped transformer, two diodes, and a load resistor. The secondary winding of the transformer is divided to provide two equal voltages of opposite polarities, which is the pivotal element of full-wave rectification.
01:07Gauss's Law
If a closed surface does not have any charge inside where an electric field line can terminate, then the electric field line entering the surface at one point must necessarily exit at some other point of the surface. Therefore, if a closed surface does not have any charges inside the enclosed volume, then the electric flux through the surface is zero. What happens to the electric flux if there are some charges inside the enclosed volume? Gauss's law gives a quantitative answer to this question.