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Related Concept Videos

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
However, a small fraction of the scattered light exhibits a frequency shift due to the exchange of energy between the incident photons and the...
Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences01:17

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.
¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)01:20

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)

When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...
¹H NMR: Complex Splitting01:13

¹H NMR: Complex Splitting

A proton M that is coupled to a proton X results in doublet signals for M. However, NMR-active nuclei can be simultaneously coupled to more than one nonequivalent nucleus. When M is coupled to a second proton A, such as in styrene oxide, each peak in the doublet is split into another doublet.
Splitting diagrams or splitting tree diagrams are routinely used to depict such complex couplings. While drawing splitting diagrams, the splitting with the larger coupling constant is usually applied first.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Measurement of Coherence Decay in GaMnAs Using Femtosecond Four-wave Mixing
15:58

Measurement of Coherence Decay in GaMnAs Using Femtosecond Four-wave Mixing

Published on: December 3, 2013

Raman-assisted polarization beats in time-delayed four-wave mixing.

H Ma, A S Gomes, C B de Araújo

    Optics Letters
    |October 2, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers developed a new method to measure the phase of third-order susceptibility (χ(3)) near Raman resonance. This technique utilizes polarization beats in a four-wave-mixing experiment to study phase dispersion.

    Area of Science:

    • Nonlinear Optics
    • Spectroscopy
    • Quantum Chemistry

    Background:

    • Accurate determination of third-order susceptibility (χ(3)) is crucial for understanding nonlinear optical phenomena.
    • Phase information of χ(3) is essential for controlling and optimizing nonlinear optical processes.
    • Raman resonance provides a sensitive window into molecular vibrational dynamics and their influence on nonlinear optical properties.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate a novel method for precisely determining the phase of third-order susceptibility (χ(3)).
    • To investigate the phase dispersion of χ(3) in the vicinity of a specific Raman resonance.
    • To leverage the phenomenon of polarization beats for enhanced phase sensitivity in nonlinear optical measurements.

    Main Methods:

    • Employed a time-delayed four-wave-mixing (FWM) experimental setup.

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    Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

    Measurement of Coherence Decay in GaMnAs Using Femtosecond Four-wave Mixing
    15:58

    Measurement of Coherence Decay in GaMnAs Using Femtosecond Four-wave Mixing

    Published on: December 3, 2013

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  • Utilized bichromatic laser beams to induce and probe nonlinear optical signals.
  • Exploited the phenomenon of polarization beats, arising from the interference of different polarization components, to extract phase information.

    • Main Results:

    • Successfully demonstrated a method to determine the phase of third-order susceptibility (χ(3)) near a Raman resonance.
    • Observed and characterized the phase dispersion of χ(3) in proximity to the 655.7 cm⁻¹ vibrational mode of carbon disulfide.
    • The polarization beats provided a sensitive probe for the spectral phase of χ(3).

    Conclusions:

    • The developed method offers a robust approach for measuring the phase of third-order susceptibility (χ(3)) in resonant regimes.
    • The study provides valuable insights into the spectral phase behavior of χ(3) near molecular vibrations.
    • This technique has potential applications in advanced nonlinear spectroscopy and optical material characterization.