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Related Concept Videos

Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell02:21

Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell

Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
Cells of the Epidermis01:24

Cells of the Epidermis

The epidermis is made of four or five layers of epithelial cells, depending on its location in the body. From deep to superficial, these layers are the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.
The cells in all these layers except the stratum basale are called keratinocytes, a type of cell that manufactures and stores the protein keratin. The keratinocytes in the stratum corneum are dead and regularly slough away, being replaced by cells from...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Spatial and Temporal Control of Murine Melanoma Initiation from Mutant Melanocyte Stem Cells
06:09

Spatial and Temporal Control of Murine Melanoma Initiation from Mutant Melanocyte Stem Cells

Published on: June 7, 2019

Melanocytes in development and cancer.

Audrey Uong1, Leonard I Zon

  • 1Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Journal of Cellular Physiology
|October 2, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Melanocyte development pathways are crucial for understanding melanoma, a deadly skin cancer. Research connects genes controlling pigment cells to cancer progression, offering new insights.

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Pharmacologic Induction of Epidermal Melanin and Protection Against Sunburn in a Humanized Mouse Model

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Feeder-free Derivation of Melanocytes from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
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Feeder-free Derivation of Melanocytes from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Spatial and Temporal Control of Murine Melanoma Initiation from Mutant Melanocyte Stem Cells
06:09

Spatial and Temporal Control of Murine Melanoma Initiation from Mutant Melanocyte Stem Cells

Published on: June 7, 2019

Pharmacologic Induction of Epidermal Melanin and Protection Against Sunburn in a Humanized Mouse Model
12:37

Pharmacologic Induction of Epidermal Melanin and Protection Against Sunburn in a Humanized Mouse Model

Published on: September 7, 2013

Feeder-free Derivation of Melanocytes from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
12:21

Feeder-free Derivation of Melanocytes from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: March 3, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Melanocytes are pigment-producing cells essential for vertebrate pigmentation.
  • Melanocyte development involves neural crest specification, migration, and niche localization.
  • Genes regulating melanocyte development are frequently implicated in melanoma pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of melanocyte developmental pathways in melanoma.
  • To discuss recent research and tools investigating the melanocyte-melanoma connection.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on melanocyte development and melanoma.
  • Analysis of genetic and molecular pathways linking development to cancer.
  • Discussion of emerging research tools and methodologies.

Main Results:

  • Identified key genes and pathways shared between melanocyte development and melanoma.
  • Highlighted how melanoma hijacks normal melanocyte biology for progression.
  • Emphasized the link between developmental processes and metastatic potential.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding melanocyte development is critical for deciphering melanoma initiation and progression.
  • Further research into developmental pathways offers therapeutic targets for metastatic melanoma.
  • Investigating the interplay between normal cell biology and cancer is essential for effective treatment strategies.