Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Flame Experiments at the Advanced Light Source: New Insights into Soot Formation Processes
10:04

Flame Experiments at the Advanced Light Source: New Insights into Soot Formation Processes

Published on: May 26, 2014

The C7H5 fulvenallenyl radical as a combustion intermediate: potential new pathways to two- and three-ring PAHs

Gabriel da Silva, Joseph W Bozzelli

    The Journal of Physical Chemistry. A
    |October 3, 2009
    PubMed

    More Related Videos

    Combustion Chemistry of Fuels: Quantitative Speciation Data Obtained from an Atmospheric High-temperature Flow Reactor with Coupled Molecular-beam Mass Spectrometer07:24

    Combustion Chemistry of Fuels: Quantitative Speciation Data Obtained from an Atmospheric High-temperature Flow Reactor with Coupled Molecular-beam Mass Spectrometer

    Published on: February 19, 2018

    Application of Elemental Lanthanides in the Selective C-F Activation of Trifluoromethylated Benzofulvenes Providing Access to Various Difluoroalkenes10:10

    Application of Elemental Lanthanides in the Selective C-F Activation of Trifluoromethylated Benzofulvenes Providing Access to Various Difluoroalkenes

    Published on: July 28, 2018

    Related Concept Videos

    Radical Reactivity: Overview01:11

    Radical Reactivity: Overview

    Radicals, the highly reactive species, gain stability by undergoing three different reactions. The first reaction involves a radical-radical coupling, in which a radical combines with another radical, forming a spin‐paired molecule. The second reaction is between a radical and a spin‐paired molecule, generating a new radical and a new spin‐paired molecule. The third reaction is radical decomposition in a unimolecular reaction, forming a new radical and a spin‐paired molecule. These three...
    Radical Formation: Elimination00:51

    Radical Formation: Elimination

    Another method of radical formation is the elimination process. It is the opposite of the addition route and is driven by the instability of the radical. For example, as depicted in Figure 1, dibenzoyl peroxide yields a pair of unstable radicals upon homolysis. Given its instability, this radical spontaneously undergoes elimination via a C–C bond cleavage to form a relatively more stable phenyl radical. The mechanism involves cleavage of the bond between the α and β positions with respect to...
    Radical Reactivity: Electrophilic Radicals01:02

    Radical Reactivity: Electrophilic Radicals

    Radicals adjacent to electron‐withdrawing groups are called electrophilic radicals. These radicals readily react with nucleophilic alkenes. For example, the malonate radical, in which the radical center is flanked by two electron‐withdrawing groups, reacts readily with butyl vinyl ether, which consists of an electron‐donating oxygen substituent. The reaction between electrophilic malonate radical and nucleophilic vinyl ether is favored because the radical has a low‐energy SOMO, which interacts...
    Combustion Energy: A Measure of Stability in Alkanes and Cycloalkanes02:14

    Combustion Energy: A Measure of Stability in Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

    The low reactivity in alkanes can be attributed to the non-polar nature of C–C and C–H σ bonds. Alkanes, therefore, were  initially termed as “paraffins,” derived from the Latin words: parum, meaning “too little,” and affinis, meaning “affinity.”
    Alkanes undergo combustion in the presence of excess oxygen and high-temperature conditions to give carbon dioxide and water. A combustion reaction is the energy source in natural gas, liquified petroleum gas (LPG), fuel oil, gasoline, diesel fuel, and...
    π Molecular Orbitals of the Allyl Radical01:27

    π Molecular Orbitals of the Allyl Radical

    Allyl radicals are three-carbon conjugated systems. They are readily formed as intermediates in halogenation reactions of alkenes involving the addition of halogen to the allylic carbon instead of the double bond. As seen in allyl cations and anions, each of the three sp2-hybridized carbon atoms in allyl radicals has an unhybridized p orbital. These orbitals combine to give three π molecular orbitals.
    The allyl systems have identical molecular orbitals but differ in the number of π electrons.
    Radical Formation: Addition00:47

    Radical Formation: Addition

    Radicals can be formed by adding a radical to a spin-paired molecule. This is typically observed with unsaturated species, where the addition of a radical across the π bond leads to the production of a new radical by dissolving the π bond. For example, the addition of a Br radical to an alkene yields a carbon-centered radical.
    Similar to charge conservation in chemical reactions, spin conservation is implicit for radical reactions. Accordingly, the product formed must possess an unpaired...