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Related Concept Videos

Bone Markings01:26

Bone Markings

Bones have various surface features that help form joints and attach to other soft tissues. Depending on the function, bone markings are categorized into articulating projections, processes for attachment, depressions, and openings.
Articulating Projections
Articulating projections are found where two bones meet to form a joint. These structures are usually found at the ends of bones. The largest articulation is a rounded projection called the head, supported by a narrow neck at the ends of...
Flail Chest-I01:24

Flail Chest-I

Overview of Flail Chest
Flail chest is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition characterized by the fracture of three or more adjacent ribs in multiple places. It is most commonly caused by direct impacts and trauma, such as motor vehicle accidents or injuries from a steering wheel impact. It can also occur due to falls in elderly individuals with osteoporosis, or assaults involving sharp objects.
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The pathophysiology of flail chest is complex, involving fractures of...
Acne Infection01:27

Acne Infection

Acne is a multifactorial skin condition primarily affecting adolescents and young adults, with a global prevalence estimated to exceed 75% in this demographic. The condition is characterized by the formation of comedones (blackheads and whiteheads), papules, pustules, nodules, and, in severe cases, cysts, particularly in areas rich in sebaceous glands such as the face, neck, chest, and back. The pathogenesis involves increased sebum production, follicular hyperkeratinization, colonization by...
Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

Fractures: Bone Repair

Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the procedure...
Spongy Bone01:09

Spongy Bone

All bones comprise an outer layer of compact bone, and an interior made up of spongy bone tissue, also called cancellous or trabecular bone. In long bones, spongy bone tissue is mainly found in the interior of the epiphyses (broad ends of the bone).
Spongy bone is more porous, and less dense compared to compact bone. It is composed of concentric lamellae that are arranged irregularly to form the trabecular network. In some bones, the spaces between trabeculae contain red marrow, where...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

A 3-D Visualization Technique for Bone Remodeling in a Suture Expansion Mouse Model
06:51

A 3-D Visualization Technique for Bone Remodeling in a Suture Expansion Mouse Model

Published on: August 18, 2023

Pus and free bone flaps.

Lars Widdel1, Ken R Winston

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, University Hospital and The Children's Hospital, Denver, Colorado, USA.

Journal of Neurosurgery. Pediatrics
|October 3, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study shows that preserving contaminated cranial bone flaps is possible. Meticulous debridement and antibiotics can successfully save bone flaps, avoiding cranioplasty.

More Related Videos

Pseudofracture: An Acute Peripheral Tissue Trauma Model
10:08

Pseudofracture: An Acute Peripheral Tissue Trauma Model

Published on: April 18, 2011

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Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

A 3-D Visualization Technique for Bone Remodeling in a Suture Expansion Mouse Model
06:51

A 3-D Visualization Technique for Bone Remodeling in a Suture Expansion Mouse Model

Published on: August 18, 2023

Pseudofracture: An Acute Peripheral Tissue Trauma Model
10:08

Pseudofracture: An Acute Peripheral Tissue Trauma Model

Published on: April 18, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Surgical Infection Control

Background:

  • Discarding contaminated cranial bone flaps is standard practice.
  • Subsequent cranioplasty is often required after flap removal.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a method for preserving contaminated free bone flaps.
  • To avoid flap removal and subsequent cranioplasty.

Main Methods:

  • Meticulous surgical debridement of contaminated bone flaps and surgical bed.
  • Scrubbing and soaking of bone flaps.
  • Replacement of bone flap and administration of intravenous antibiotics.

Main Results:

  • Fourteen patients with contaminated, avascular cranial bone flaps were treated.
  • All treated bone flaps were successfully preserved.
  • No patients required flap removal or subsequent cranioplasty.

Conclusions:

  • Contaminated cranial bone flaps can be successfully preserved.
  • Aggressive surgical debridement and antibiotic therapy are key to successful flap preservation.
  • This technique avoids flap loss and the need for cranioplasty.