Resolution of hydrocephalus-associated sensorineural hearing loss after insertion of ventriculoperitoneal shunt

The authors present a pediatric patient with severe hearing loss due to communicating hydrocephalus. This is the first clearly documented case of de novo sensorineural deafness caused by hydrocephalus, with subsequent improvement in hearing after shunt insertion. The patient initially presented with otitis media and was found to have hearing loss. After reporting ongoing headaches, he received a diagnosis of communicating hydrocephalus, which was treated with the insertion of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Formal hearing tests showed dramatic improvement postsurgery; his hearing was normal at 2 months. At 3 years postsurgery the patient's hearing remains within normal limits. Hearing loss is a rare complication of hydrocephalus. Based on this case, the authors suggest that the diagnosis of hydrocephalus be considered as a cause of unexplained hearing loss, and conversely, that patients with hydrocephalus might benefit from hearing assessment.