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Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send blood...
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
Pathophysiology of Cardiac Performance01:29

Pathophysiology of Cardiac Performance

Typical heart performance is influenced by heart rate, rhythm, myocardial contraction, and metabolism or blood flow. The cardiac muscle exhibits distinct electrophysiological features, including pacemaker activity and calcium channel control, which play a vital role in the heart's response to various drugs. The autonomic nervous system, comprising the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches, regulates heart rate. Sympathetic activation increases heart rate, while parasympathetic activation...
Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

The Colon-26 Carcinoma Tumor-bearing Mouse as a Model for the Study of Cancer Cachexia
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The Colon-26 Carcinoma Tumor-bearing Mouse as a Model for the Study of Cancer Cachexia

Published on: November 30, 2016

The pathophysiology of cardiac cachexia.

Lisa M Freeman1

  • 1Department of Clinical Sciences, Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA. Lisa.Freeman@Tufts.edu

Current Opinion in Supportive and Palliative Care
|October 3, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Cardiac cachexia, a loss of lean body mass in heart failure patients, has complex causes. New research clarifies its mechanisms and identifies potential therapeutic targets for better management.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Cardiac cachexia, characterized by lean body mass loss, significantly impacts chronic heart failure (CHF) patients, increasing morbidity and mortality.
  • The complex pathophysiology of cardiac cachexia is increasingly understood through recent research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding cardiac cachexia.
  • To highlight new diagnostic approaches and therapeutic targets for cardiac cachexia in CHF.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on cardiac cachexia.
  • Analysis of emerging data on cachexia mechanisms and clinical implications.

Main Results:

  • New diagnostic criteria and clinical approaches for cardiac cachexia are under development.
  • Research emphasizes the detrimental effects of cachexia, with obesity paradox insights.
  • Identified mechanisms include increased energy expenditure, reduced intake, impaired absorption, and metabolic changes.

Conclusions:

  • Recent studies have elucidated multifactorial mechanisms driving cardiac cachexia.
  • This improved understanding may lead to more effective treatments for CHF patients suffering from cachexia.