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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

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Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels
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Socioeconomic differentials in immune response.

Jennifer Beam Dowd1, Allison E Aiello

  • 1Hunter College, School of Health Sciences, City University of New York (CUNY), New York, NY, USA.

Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)
|October 3, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Lower socioeconomic status (SES) is linked to poorer immune control over cytomegalovirus (CMV). This suggests immune system differences may drive health disparities throughout life.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Health Disparities
  • Socioeconomic Status

Background:

  • Socioeconomic status (SES) significantly impacts health outcomes, but the underlying mechanisms, particularly the role of the immune system in health disparities, remain unclear.
  • Investigating the immune system's role is crucial for understanding and addressing health inequalities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and cell-mediated immunity.
  • To assess if SES influences the immune system's control over persistent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, measured by antibody levels.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized censored regression models to analyze data from 9,721 adults (aged 25+) in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988-1994).
  • Examined the cross-sectional association between education, income, race/ethnicity, and cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibody response.

Main Results:

  • Individuals with lower education, income, and non-white race/ethnicity exhibited higher CMV antibody levels, indicating poorer immune control.
  • Each additional year of education correlated with a decrease in CMV antibody levels (0.05 units), while a doubling of family income was associated with a 0.25 unit decrease.
  • These associations persisted even after controlling for health status, smoking, and BMI, highlighting the robustness of the SES-immune system link.

Conclusions:

  • Socioeconomic status (SES) is demonstrably linked to an indirect marker of cell-mediated immunity.
  • Disparities in immune control over cytomegalovirus (CMV) due to SES may significantly contribute to health inequalities across the lifespan.