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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Determination of the Excitation and Coupling Rates Between Light Emitters and Surface Plasmon Polaritons
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Coherent backscattering of optical second-harmonic generation with long-range surface plasmons.

H J Simon, Y Wang, L B Zhou

    Optics Letters
    |October 3, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Researchers observed coherent backscattering of optical second-harmonic generation by exciting surface plasmons at a silver-quartz interface. This nonlinear optics phenomenon shows a distinct backscattering pattern dependent on film thickness.

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    Area of Science:

    • Nonlinear Optics
    • Condensed Matter Physics
    • Surface Science

    Background:

    • Surface plasmon polaritons are collective electron oscillations on metal surfaces.
    • Optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) is a nonlinear optical process where two photons of the same frequency combine to generate a photon of double the frequency.
    • Coherent backscattering is an interference effect that enhances backscattered light intensity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To observe and characterize coherent backscattering of optical second-harmonic generation.
    • To investigate the role of long-range surface plasmon modes in this phenomenon.
    • To analyze the angular dependence and film thickness requirements for the observed effect.

    Main Methods:

    • Excitation of long-range surface plasmon modes at a silver-quartz interface.
    • Measurement of optical second-harmonic generation.
    • Analysis of the backscattering pattern, including peak-to-background ratio and angular width.
    • Systematic variation of silver film thickness.

    Main Results:

    • Observation of coherent backscattering of optical second-harmonic generation.
    • A peak-to-background ratio greater than 2 was achieved, indicative of a coherent scattering process.
    • The backscattering pattern exhibited an angular half-width of 15 mrad in the incident plane and 90 mrad in the transverse plane.
    • The effect was observed within a specific range of silver film thicknesses, correlating with maximum surface mode propagation length.

    Conclusions:

    • Coherent backscattering of SHG via long-range surface plasmons is experimentally demonstrated.
    • The observed angular dependence is consistent with wave-vector considerations for surface plasmons.
    • The film thickness dependence highlights the critical role of surface mode propagation in enabling this coherent backscattering phenomenon.