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Related Concept Videos

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
However, a small fraction of the scattered light exhibits a frequency shift due to the exchange of energy between the incident photons and the...
IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations01:08

IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations

Identical bonds within a polyatomic group can stretch symmetrically (in-phase) or asymmetrically (out-of-phase). Similar to hydrogen bonding, these vibrations also influence the shape of the IR peak. Generally, asymmetric stretching frequencies are higher than symmetric stretching frequencies. For example, primary amines exhibit two distinct IR peaks between 3300–3500 cm−1 corresponding to the symmetric and asymmetric N-H stretching, while secondary amines exhibit a single stretching vibration...
¹H NMR: Complex Splitting01:13

¹H NMR: Complex Splitting

A proton M that is coupled to a proton X results in doublet signals for M. However, NMR-active nuclei can be simultaneously coupled to more than one nonequivalent nucleus. When M is coupled to a second proton A, such as in styrene oxide, each peak in the doublet is split into another doublet.
Splitting diagrams or splitting tree diagrams are routinely used to depict such complex couplings. While drawing splitting diagrams, the splitting with the larger coupling constant is usually applied first.
Other Nuclides: 31P, 19F, 15N NMR01:16

Other Nuclides: 31P, 19F, 15N NMR

Many organic, inorganic, and biological molecules contain spin-half nuclei such as nitrogen-15, fluorine-19, and phosphorus-31. As a result, NMR studies of these nuclei have found extensive applications in chemical and biological research.
While fluorine-19 and phosphorous-31 have high natural abundances (100%) and positive gyromagnetic ratios, nitrogen-15 has a low natural abundance and a negative gyromagnetic ratio. However, nitrogen-15 is still preferred over nitrogen-14 (which has a high...
Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur02:30

Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur

Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
A consequence of chirality is the need for enantiomeric resolution. While this is theoretically possible for all...
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are slanted or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Characterization of Nanocrystal Size Distribution using Raman Spectroscopy with a Multi-particle Phonon Confinement Model
06:54

Characterization of Nanocrystal Size Distribution using Raman Spectroscopy with a Multi-particle Phonon Confinement Model

Published on: August 22, 2015

[Hyperfine structure study of binary sodium phosphates by Raman spectroscopy].

Si-Jie Zhao1, Jing-Lin You, Hui Chen

  • 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China. zhaosijie@hotmail.com

Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi = Guang Pu
|October 6, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Quantum chemistry calculations reveal how the stress index of tetrahedron (SIT) relates to the hyperfine structure of sodium phosphates. This method aids in analyzing Raman spectra and understanding microstructure changes with temperature, especially in molten states.

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Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
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Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates

Published on: February 15, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Computational Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Context:

  • Investigating the hyperfine structure and microstructure of binary sodium phosphates.
  • Utilizing quantum chemistry ab initio calculations for structural and vibrational analysis.
  • Adapting the stress index of tetrahedron (SIT) from silicates to phosphates.

Purpose:

  • To establish a relationship between SIT and Raman spectra for analyzing phosphate hyperfine structure.
  • To study the temperature-dependent phase transitions and microstructural evolution of Na5P3O10.
  • To quantitatively and qualitatively analyze phosphate Raman spectra using SIT and hyperfine structure.

Summary:

  • Optimized structures and calculated Raman frequencies of phosphate model clusters using RHF/6-31G (d, p).
  • Observed a phase transition in Na5P3O10 between 873-1073 K, with peak shifts to lower frequencies upon heating.
  • Identified changes in microstructure units (e.g., Q0, Q1, Q2 types) in molten Na5P3O10, leading to spectral broadening.

Impact:

  • Demonstrated the utility of SIT for characterizing phosphate microstructures and analyzing Raman spectra.
  • Provided insights into the temperature-induced microstructural transformations in sodium phosphates.
  • Established a novel approach for detailed analysis of phosphate materials' structural and vibrational properties.