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Related Concept Videos

Allosteric Proteins-ATCase01:19

Allosteric Proteins-ATCase

Binding sites linkages can regulate a protein's function.  For example, enzyme activity is often regulated through a feedback mechanism where the end product of the biochemical process serves as an inhibitor.
Aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATCase) is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the condensation of L-aspartate and carbamoyl phosphate to  N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate. This reaction is the first step in pyrimidine biosynthesis. UTP and CTP, the end products of the pyrimidine synthesis pathway,...
Peroxisomes01:24

Peroxisomes

Peroxisomes are specialized organelles present in fungi, plant, and animal cells. It can vary in number, size, morphology, and activity depending on the type of tissue and the nutritional state of the cell. For example, cells with active lipid metabolism, such as adipocytes, neurons, and hepatocytes, have more peroxisomes than other cells in the body. Besides their primary role in breaking down complex organic molecules, peroxisomes can also synthesize specific macromolecules and participate in...
Peroxisomes01:30

Peroxisomes

Peroxisomes and mitochondria are two important oxygen-utilizing organelles in eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria carry out cellular respiration—the process that converts energy from food into ATP. Peroxisomes carry out a variety of functions, primarily breaking down different substances, such as fatty acids.The peroxisome is a single membrane-bound cellular organelle that can perform several different functions, including lipid metabolism and chemical detoxification. The enzymes within peroxisomes...
Peroxisomes01:24

Peroxisomes

Peroxisomes are specialized organelles present in fungi, plant, and animal cells. It can vary in number, size, morphology, and activity depending on the type of tissue and the nutritional state of the cell. For example, cells with active lipid metabolism, such as adipocytes, neurons, and hepatocytes, have more peroxisomes than other cells in the body. Besides their primary role in breaking down complex organic molecules, peroxisomes can also synthesize specific macromolecules and participate in...
Protein Import into the Peroxisomes01:27

Protein Import into the Peroxisomes

Cells contain membrane-bound organelles called peroxisomes that oxidize organic molecules by transferring hydrogen atoms to oxygen, producing hydrogen peroxide. Peroxisomes enzymatically convert the released hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.
Peroxisomal Protein Import:
Peroxisomes lack the genetic machinery required to code for their own proteins. Hence, most peroxisomal membrane, lumenal and transmembrane proteins are synthesized in the cytoplasm or ER and transported to the peroxisome...
Ribozymes02:47

Ribozymes

The term ribozyme is used for RNA that can act as an enzyme. Ribozymes are mainly found in selected viruses, bacteria, plant organelles, and lower eukaryotes. Ribozymes were first discovered in 1982 when Tom Cech’s laboratory observed Group I introns acting as enzymes. This was shortly followed by the discovery of another ribozyme, Ribonulcease P, by Sid Altman’s laboratory. Both Cech and Altman received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1989 for their work on ribozymes.
Ribozymes can be...

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Characterizing Modulators of Protease-Activated Receptors with a Calcium Mobilization Assay Using a Plate Reader
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Paraoxonase: a multifaceted biomolecule.

Binita Goswami1, Devika Tayal, Nikhil Gupta

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, G B Pant Hospital, New Delhi, India. binita.dr@gmail.com

Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry
|October 6, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Paraoxonase enzymes are crucial antioxidants protecting against oxidative stress and involved in various diseases. Further understanding their mechanisms can lead to new therapeutic strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Enzymology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Paraoxonase enzyme identified for organophosphorus poisoning protection.
  • Extensive research over three decades has significantly advanced understanding of this enzyme.
  • The enzyme plays a role in normal physiology and various disease etiopathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Elaborate the role of paraoxonase enzyme in normal physiology.
  • Provide an overview of disorders linked to paraoxonase enzyme.
  • Highlight the enzyme's function as an antioxidant.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search conducted.
  • Databases utilized: National Library of Medicine (NLM) and PubMed Central (PMC).

Main Results:

  • Paraoxonase functions as a key antioxidant enzyme against oxidative stress.
  • The enzyme is implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders and cancers.
  • Evidence suggests a role in various other pathological conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the enzyme's molecular mechanisms and regulatory circuits is essential.
  • Potential to develop agonists to enhance the antioxidant actions of paraoxonase.
  • Therapeutic strategies may target paraoxonase for disease management.