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Related Concept Videos

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated01:30

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated

Stimuli-activated drug delivery systems are designed to release drugs in response to specific physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These systems often utilize hydrogels—three-dimensional, hydrophilic polymer networks capable of swelling in aqueous environments and retaining significant fluid volumes. Upon exposure to particular stimuli, these hydrogels undergo structural transitions that allow the embedded drug to be released. Due to this adaptive behavior, such systems are also called...
Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers01:24

Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers

Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted01:24

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted

Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II01:19

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II

Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I01:22

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I

Rate-programmed drug delivery systems (DDS) are designed to release drugs at specific, controlled rates to maintain consistent therapeutic levels. These systems are categorized based on their release mechanisms, including dissolution-controlled DDS, diffusion-controlled DDS, and combined dissolution-diffusion-controlled DDS.In dissolution-controlled DDS, the release rate depends on the slow dissolution of the drug itself or the surrounding matrix. Drugs with inherently slow dissolution rates,...
Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Stability Enhancement and GI Retention01:05

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Stability Enhancement and GI Retention

Improving a drug's stability in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is paramount for enhancing its bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness. Various strategies are employed to protect the drug from the harsh gastric milieu and to ensure its release and absorption at the desired site within the GI tract.Polymer coatings are one such method used to shield drugs from the stomach's acidic environment. By preventing premature drug release, these coatings improve the bioavailability of unstable...

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Fabrication of Size-Controlled and Emulsion-Free Chitosan-Genipin Microgels for Tissue Engineering Applications
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Chitosan-based hydrogels for controlled, localized drug delivery.

Narayan Bhattarai1, Jonathan Gunn, Miqin Zhang

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews
|October 6, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Chitosan hydrogels offer advanced drug delivery systems. This review explores their preparation and design for stimuli-responsive, in situ forming therapeutic delivery.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

  • Hydrogels are cross-linked polymers with high water content, ideal for sustained therapeutic agent delivery.
  • Chitosan, a natural polymer, is favored for hydrogel scaffolds due to its biocompatibility, low toxicity, and biodegradability.
  • Advanced chitosan hydrogels offer stimuli-responsive drug release and in situ formation, reducing the need for surgical implantation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the latest advancements in chitosan hydrogel preparation.
  • To define key design parameters for developing physically and chemically cross-linked chitosan hydrogels.
  • To provide a foundation for designing intelligent drug delivery devices based on chitosan hydrogels.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on chitosan hydrogel synthesis and characterization.
  • Analysis of design principles for stimuli-responsive hydrogel systems.
  • Investigation of physically and chemically cross-linking strategies for chitosan hydrogels.

Main Results:

  • Chitosan hydrogels can be engineered for sustained and localized drug delivery.
  • Stimuli-responsive and in situ forming hydrogels represent significant progress in drug delivery technology.
  • Understanding the chemical and physical properties is crucial for designing effective chitosan hydrogel therapeutics.

Conclusions:

  • Chitosan hydrogels are versatile platforms for developing sophisticated drug delivery systems.
  • Further research into preparation methods and design parameters will enhance their therapeutic applications.
  • The development of intelligent, stimuli-responsive chitosan hydrogels holds great promise for future medicine.