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Related Concept Videos

Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Synthesis01:29

Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Synthesis

Drugs affecting neurotransmitter synthesis can impact the adrenergic neuron and the synthesis of neurotransmitters. For example, α-methyltyrosine and carbidopa target specific enzymes involved in catecholamine synthesis. α-methyltyrosine inhibits the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase, which converts tyrosine into dopamine. By blocking this enzyme, α-methyltyrosine reduces dopamine production and other catecholamines. Carbidopa, on the other hand, inhibits the enzyme dopa decarboxylase, which converts...
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Certain drugs can affect how neurotransmitters called catecholamines, are released or taken back up in the adrenergic neuron. They can have different effects on the body's sympathetic transmission. Reserpine, a natural compound found in the Rauwolfia shrub, blocks a transporter called vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT), which leads to a buildup of catecholamines in the cell and reduces sympathetic transmission. Another drug called guanethidine works in multiple ways, including blocking...

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Environmental Modulations of the Number of Midbrain Dopamine Neurons in Adult Mice
09:35

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Published on: January 20, 2015

IA-2 modulates dopamine secretion in PC12 cells.

Takuya Nishimura1, Shin-Ichi Harashima, Hu Yafang

  • 1Experimental Medicine Section, Oral Infection and Immunity Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology
|October 6, 2009
PubMed
Summary

The transmembrane protein IA-2 regulates dopamine secretion in neuroendocrine cells. Its expression impacts dense core vesicle function, affecting both hormone and neurotransmitter release.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroendocrinology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The transmembrane protein IA-2 (islet antigen 2) is known to modulate insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells.
  • IA-2 is also expressed in various neuroendocrine cells, suggesting a broader role in cellular secretion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of IA-2 in modulating neurotransmitter secretion.
  • To determine if IA-2 influences the function of dense core vesicles in dopamine-secreting cells.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the PC12 pheochromocytoma cell line, a model for neuroendocrine cells.
  • Employed overexpression and small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of IA-2.
  • Assessed dopamine content, secretion, and uptake of [3H]dopamine.
  • Quantified levels of dense core vesicle-associated proteins, including Rab3A, IA-2beta, and secretogranin II.

Main Results:

  • Overexpression of IA-2 led to increased cellular content and secretion of dopamine.
  • Knockdown of IA-2 resulted in decreased cellular content and secretion of dopamine.
  • IA-2 modulation affected dopamine secretion but not its uptake by PC12 cells.
  • Levels of Rab3A, IA-2beta, and secretogranin II were altered in correlation with IA-2 expression levels.

Conclusions:

  • IA-2 expression significantly influences the function of dense core vesicles.
  • IA-2 plays a broad modulatory role in the cellular content and secretion of both hormones and neurotransmitters.
  • These findings highlight IA-2 as a key regulator in neuroendocrine secretion pathways.