Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Bipolar Disorder01:30

Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health condition marked by significant mood fluctuations, including episodes of mania and depression. Elevated energy levels, heightened mood or irritability, impulsive behavior, reduced sleep needs, rapid speech, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem, and distractibility characterize mania. Individuals with bipolar disorder often alternate between depressive and manic states, with periods of emotional stability lasting an average of six months to a year.
Human Genetics01:28

Human Genetics

Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview01:24

Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview

Mania, a psychological condition characterized by elevated mood, increased energy, and reduced sleep need, is part of the bipolar disorder cycle. The exact cause of mania isn't entirely known, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. Bipolar disorder involves alternating manic and depressive episodes. Mood stabilizers like lithium, antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants help manage these episodes. Lithium carbonate is particularly effective as a...
Borderline Personality Disorder01:25

Borderline Personality Disorder

Borderline Personality Disorder is a complex and multifaceted mental health condition characterized by pervasive instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, emotions, and impulse control. This instability manifests in extreme emotional reactions, fear of abandonment, and self-destructive behaviors. The disorder significantly impacts daily functioning, often leading to distress in both personal and professional domains.
Genetic and Environmental Contributions
Borderline Personality...
Personality Theory by Eysenck and Eysenck01:29

Personality Theory by Eysenck and Eysenck

Hans and Sybil Eysenck developed a widely recognized theory of personality, which emphasizes the role of temperament and genetically based differences in shaping individual traits. Their theory posits that biological factors primarily determine personality and can be understood through two main dimensions: extroversion/introversion and neuroticism/stability.
In the extroversion/introversion dimension, highly extroverted people are sociable, outgoing, and easily connect with others. In contrast,...
Genetic Lingo01:11

Genetic Lingo

Overview

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Essential Information About Chronobiology and Chronotherapy for the Optimal Care of People With Bipolar Disorders: An Expert Consensus.

Bipolar disorders·2026
Same author

Establishing a Specialty Bipolar Clinic: The National Network of Depression Centers Consensus Recommendations.

Bipolar disorders·2026
Same author

Enhancing Affective Cognitive Control in Bipolar Disorder Using Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Sham-Controlled Clinical Trial and Proof of Concept Study.

Bipolar disorders·2026
Same author

Validation of the Temper Outbursts/Irritability-2: A Two-Item Screener for Temper Outbursts and Irritability in Youth.

Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology·2026
Same author

Prevalence of GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Use Among Privately Insured Individuals With Mood Disorders.

The Journal of clinical psychiatry·2026
Same author

Examining Real-World Implementation of Measurement-Based Care and its Influence on Emergency Department Visit Risk Among Outpatients With Mood and Anxiety Disorders.

Administration and policy in mental health·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Measurement of Fronto-limbic Activity Using an Emotional Oddball Task in Children with Familial High Risk for Schizophrenia
13:08

Measurement of Fronto-limbic Activity Using an Emotional Oddball Task in Children with Familial High Risk for Schizophrenia

Published on: December 2, 2015

Intermediate: cognitive phenotypes in bipolar disorder.

Scott A Langenecker1, Erika F H Saunders, Allison M Kade

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Depression Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States. slangen@umich.edu

Journal of Affective Disorders
|October 6, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Intermediate cognitive phenotypes (ICPs) in bipolar disorder (BD) were assessed using neuropsychological tests. Specific cognitive functions like processing speed and memory were significantly impaired in depressed and hypomanic/mixed BD patients compared to controls.

More Related Videos

Developing a Rat Model for Bipolar Disorder
04:42

Developing a Rat Model for Bipolar Disorder

Published on: May 2, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Measurement of Fronto-limbic Activity Using an Emotional Oddball Task in Children with Familial High Risk for Schizophrenia
13:08

Measurement of Fronto-limbic Activity Using an Emotional Oddball Task in Children with Familial High Risk for Schizophrenia

Published on: December 2, 2015

Developing a Rat Model for Bipolar Disorder
04:42

Developing a Rat Model for Bipolar Disorder

Published on: May 2, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Intermediate cognitive phenotypes (ICPs) are measurable states used in association studies.
  • Neuropsychological measures, including executive functioning, attention, memory, fine motor function, and emotion processing, serve as ICPs.
  • Previous research has utilized similar ICPs in studies of schizophrenia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess and compare intermediate cognitive phenotypes (ICPs) in healthy controls (HC) and individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) across different mood states (euthymic, depressed, hypomanic/mixed).
  • To identify specific cognitive domains that are significantly affected in various phases of bipolar disorder.
  • To establish the utility of neuropsychological factor scores as ICPs for bipolar disorder research and treatment development.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of healthy controls (n=34) and bipolar disorder patients (n=66 euthymic, n=43 depressed, n=13 hypomanic/mixed) were evaluated.
  • Neuropsychological tests were administered across eight domains: auditory memory, visual memory, processing speed with interference resolution, verbal fluency and processing speed, conceptual reasoning and set-shifting, inhibitory control, emotion processing, and fine motor dexterity.
  • Factor scores were derived from these tests to represent ICPs.

Main Results:

  • Healthy controls outperformed euthymic patients in Processing Speed with Interference Resolution, Visual Memory, and Fine Motor Dexterity.
  • Healthy controls showed significantly better performance than depressed patients in all domains except Inhibitory Control.
  • Healthy controls outperformed hypomanic/mixed patients in Inhibitory Control, Processing Speed with Interference Resolution, Fine Motor Dexterity, and Auditory Memory.

Conclusions:

  • The identified ICPs, particularly Processing Speed with Interference Resolution, Visual Memory, and Fine Motor Dexterity, are robust indicators for further investigation in bipolar disorder.
  • These cognitive factor scores can aid in defining ICPs for bipolar disorder and related conditions, potentially guiding the development of targeted treatments.
  • Limitations include a small sample size for the hypomanic/mixed group and the inability to fully control for medication effects.