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Related Concept Videos

Group Polarization01:01

Group Polarization

Group polarization is the strengthening of an original group attitude following the discussion of views within a group (Teger & Pruitt, 1967). That is, if a group initially favors a viewpoint, after discussion the group consensus is likely a stronger endorsement of the viewpoint. Conversely, if the group was initially opposed to a viewpoint, group discussion would likely lead to stronger opposition.
Potential Due to a Polarized Object01:29

Potential Due to a Polarized Object

A neutral atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud. When placed in an external electric field, the external electric force pulls the electrons and nucleus apart, opposite to the intrinsic attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. The opposing forces balance each other with a slight shift between the center of masses of the nucleus and the electron cloud, resulting in a polarized atom. On the other hand, a few molecules, like water,...
Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor01:31

Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor

The presence of a dielectric medium in a capacitor not only changes the voltage and capacitance but also affects the electric field. In general, dielectrics can be of two types: polar and nonpolar. In a polar dielectric, the positive and negative charges in the molecules are separated by a distance and hence have a permanent dipole moment. In contrast, no such charge separation exists in a nonpolar dielectric, however the nonpolar molecules get polarized in the presence of an external electric...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
07:56

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

Polarization-selective computer-generated holograms.

J E Ford, F Xu, K Urquhart

    Optics Letters
    |October 6, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    We developed polarization-selective holograms using two birefringent substrates. These computer-generated holograms offer independent phase control for orthogonal polarizations, enabling compact optical systems.

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    Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

    A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
    07:56

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    Published on: September 5, 2019

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    Recording Ultra-Realistic Full-Color Analog Holograms for Use in a Moving Hologram Display
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    Recording Ultra-Realistic Full-Color Analog Holograms for Use in a Moving Hologram Display

    Published on: January 14, 2020

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Computer-generated holograms (CGHs) are essential for optical information processing.
    • Controlling polarization-dependent light manipulation remains a challenge in holographic technologies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate polarization-selective CGHs with independent phase profiles for orthogonal linear polarizations.
    • To explore the design, fabrication, and performance of these novel holographic elements.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of holograms using two surface-relief-etched birefringent substrates (lithium niobate) joined face to face.
    • Design and experimental testing of dual binary-phase CGHs.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved polarization selectivity with independent phase control for two orthogonal polarizations.
    • First-order diffraction efficiency ranged from 6% to 25%.
    • Demonstrated high polarization contrast, up to 40:1.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed polarization-selective CGHs offer a promising solution for advanced optical systems.
    • These elements can be integrated into compact optoelectronic devices.
    • Potential for creating electrically controlled optical elements when combined with polarization rotators.