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Related Concept Videos

Tuberculosis01:23

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern, primarily targeting the lungs and spreading through airborne transmission. Infection begins when aerosolized droplet nuclei, expelled by an individual with active TB, are inhaled by another person. These microscopic particles carry Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB. Upon reaching the alveoli, the bacilli are engulfed by alveolar macrophages. However, due to their specialized lipid-rich cell wall, these pathogens...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

A 3D Human Lung Tissue Model for Functional Studies on Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection
10:10

A 3D Human Lung Tissue Model for Functional Studies on Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

Published on: October 5, 2015

Why does tuberculosis lead to specific inflammation?

Isamu Sugawara1

  • 1The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan. sugawara@jata.or.jp

Nihon Hansenbyo Gakkai Zasshi = Japanese Journal of Leprosy : Official Organ of the Japanese Leprosy Association
|October 7, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Tuberculosis (TB) develops in 20% of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections. Animal experiments reveal granuloma formation involves cytokines and transcription factors, but data gaps remain.

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Fluorescence Assays for the Study of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Interaction with the Immune Receptor SLAMF1
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Fluorescence Assays for the Study of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Interaction with the Immune Receptor SLAMF1

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

A 3D Human Lung Tissue Model for Functional Studies on Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection
10:10

A 3D Human Lung Tissue Model for Functional Studies on Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

Published on: October 5, 2015

Fluorescence Assays for the Study of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Interaction with the Immune Receptor SLAMF1
07:42

Fluorescence Assays for the Study of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Interaction with the Immune Receptor SLAMF1

Published on: February 28, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pathology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) affects 20% of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infected individuals.
  • Japan's TB incidence in 2008 was 24,760 cases, higher than some Western countries.
  • TB pathology includes exudative, proliferative, and productive inflammation stages.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review findings from animal experiments on TB pathogenesis.
  • To identify knowledge gaps in understanding TB formation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on animal models of airborne TB infection.
  • Analysis of histological findings in TB granulomas.

Main Results:

  • Productive inflammation in TB forms granulomas with necrotic centers.
  • Granulomas comprise macrophages, giant cells, lymphocytes, and fibroblasts.
  • Granuloma formation is mediated by cytokines, chemokines, and transcription factors.

Conclusions:

  • Animal experiments provide insights into TB granuloma formation.
  • Further research is needed to address current data limitations in TB pathogenesis.