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Genetic influences on individual differences in nicotine glucuronidation.

Christina N Lessov-Schlaggar¹, Neal L Benowitz, Peyton Jacob

¹Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Louis, MO 63110, United States of America. schlaggc@psychiatry.wustl.edu

Twin Research and Human Genetics : the Official Journal of the International Society for Twin Studies

|October 7, 2009

Summary

Genetic factors significantly influence how individuals metabolize nicotine and its byproducts through glucuronidation. This study highlights the role of genetic variations in UGT enzymes in determining nicotine metabolism rates.

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Area of Science:

Pharmacogenetics
Metabolism Studies

Background:

Nicotine and its metabolites undergo glucuronidation, a process catalyzed by UGT isoenzymes.
Individual differences in glucuronidation rates are potentially influenced by genetic factors.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantify the genetic and environmental contributions to individual differences in nicotine, cotinine, and trans-3'-hydroxycotinine glucuronidation.
To investigate the role of genetic variation in UGT isoenzymes in nicotine pharmacokinetics.

Main Methods:

A twin study design was employed to estimate heritability of nicotine pharmacokinetics.
Glucuronidation rates were assessed using measures that accounted for renal clearance variability.

Main Results:

Nicotine and cotinine glucuronidation measures were highly correlated.
These metabolic rates were significantly influenced by additive (heritable) and non-additive genetic effects.

Conclusions:

Genetic variation in UGT isoenzymes plays a crucial role in determining individual differences in nicotine and cotinine metabolism via glucuronidation.
Both additive and interactive genetic effects contribute to variability in these metabolic pathways.