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Related Concept Videos

Birth Control Methods01:22

Birth Control Methods

Vasectomy is a surgical form of male sterilization that involves severing and sealing the vasa deferentia, preventing sperm from mixing with semen during ejaculation. Because a vasectomy does not impact the testes' ability to produce testosterone, hormone levels, libido, and sexual function generally remain unchanged. While vasectomy is highly effective in preventing pregnancy, with a success rate near 99.85%, rare cases of recanalization (spontaneous reconnection) can occur. Although vasectomy...
Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems01:21

Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems

Controlled-release systems for intravaginal and intrauterine drug delivery have been developed primarily for the administration of contraceptive steroid hormones. These delivery routes circumvent first-pass hepatic metabolism, thereby enhancing bioavailability and allowing for reduced systemic dosages compared to oral administration. Such approaches contribute to improved therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance, particularly in long-term contraceptive regimens.Intravaginal Drug Delivery...
Infertility in Males01:23

Infertility in Males

Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...
Infertility in Females01:28

Infertility in Females

Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
Endometriosis, a condition characterized by abnormal growth of endometrial...
The Menstrual Cycle01:19

The Menstrual Cycle

The menstrual cycle is a recurrent sequence of changes in the uterine endometrium, specifically its functional layer, the stratum functionalis. This cycle prepares the uterus for potential pregnancy. This cycle typically spans 21–35 days, averaging 28 days, and aligns with the ovarian cycle, regulated by fluctuating levels of ovarian hormones, primarily estrogen and progesterone.
The menstrual phase occurs from days 1 to 5 and involves the shedding of the stratum functionalis, as a uterine...
Mate Choice01:20

Mate Choice

Mate choice—the decision about whom to mate with—is a type of natural selection, since animals must reproduce to pass down their genes. Mate choice is also called intersexual selection because the behavior occurs between the sexes.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Fabrication and Characterization of Griffithsin-modified Fiber Scaffolds for Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Infections
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Fabrication and Characterization of Griffithsin-modified Fiber Scaffolds for Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Infections

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Contraceptive choices: is the future with men?

Ra Anderson1, Mj Walton

  • 1Centre for Reproductive Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

Women'S Health (London, England)
|October 7, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Developing a reversible male contraceptive is a priority. Hormonal contraception is closest to market, with Phase III trials in China and commercial studies in Europe, offering a potential rival to female methods.

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive medicine
  • Contraceptive development
  • Men's health

Background:

  • A highly effective, reversible male contraceptive is needed to match female options.
  • Current research explores multiple targets for male contraception.
  • Significant progress has been made in hormonal male contraception.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the challenges and timeline for male contraceptive development.
  • To highlight the most promising current approaches.
  • To assess the potential launch of new male contraceptive methods.

Main Methods:

  • Review of various male contraceptive targets including spermatogenesis, testicular proteins, immunocontraception, and vas deferens.
  • Focus on hormonal contraception as the leading candidate.

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  • Analysis of ongoing clinical trials (Phase III in China, commercial studies in Europe).
  • Main Results:

    • Hormonal contraception is the most advanced method currently.
    • Phase III clinical trials in China are nearing completion.
    • Commercial studies are actively progressing in Europe.

    Conclusions:

    • Hormonal male contraception is the closest to market availability.
    • Further development and regulatory approvals are anticipated.
    • A launch is becoming increasingly likely in the near future.