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Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...
Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Active versus Passive Immunity01:31

Active versus Passive Immunity

Immunity, along with the ability to limit pathogen growth to prevent significant body tissue damage, can be gained either by (1) actively developing an immune response within the individual after exposure to a pathogen or after getting vaccinated or (2) passively transferring immune components from an immune individual to one who is nonimmune. Both these forms of immunity can be found naturally and in medical practices.
Active Immunity
Active immunity refers to the resistance one develops...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Intranasal Immunization and Milk Collection in Studies of Maternal Immunization in New Zealand White Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
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Intranasal Immunization and Milk Collection in Studies of Maternal Immunization in New Zealand White Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Published on: July 31, 2021

Vaccination during pregnancy.

Flor M Munoz1

  • 1Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, One Baylor Plaza, Room 221-D, BCM-280, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. florm@bcm.tmc.edu.

Women'S Health (London, England)
|October 7, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vaccinating pregnant women protects both mother and infant from infectious diseases. Ongoing research supports vaccination during pregnancy as a safe and effective strategy to improve maternal and infant health worldwide.

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Ex vivo Culture of Human Placental Explants for the Study of Viral Transmission Across the Maternal-Fetal Interface

Published on: December 30, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Immunology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Pregnant women and newborns are vulnerable to infectious diseases.
  • Healthcare providers need knowledge to advise on immunizations for healthy pregnancies.
  • Vaccines during pregnancy can protect both mother and infant.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of vaccination during pregnancy.
  • To discuss available vaccines for women of childbearing age.
  • To address barriers and ongoing research supporting prenatal vaccination.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current vaccination recommendations for pregnant women.
  • Discussion of vaccines available for at-risk pregnant individuals.
  • Identification of barriers to vaccine utilization in pregnancy.

Main Results:

  • Influenza and tetanus/diphtheria vaccines are routinely recommended.
  • Other vaccines are available for specific risk factors (exposure, medical conditions, travel).
  • Live vaccines are contraindicated during pregnancy.

Conclusions:

  • Vaccination during pregnancy is an underutilized but crucial strategy.
  • Barriers include safety, practical, and liability concerns.
  • Research is advancing to establish prenatal vaccination as safe, effective, and beneficial for global maternal and infant health.