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Related Concept Videos

Birth Control Methods01:22

Birth Control Methods

Vasectomy is a surgical form of male sterilization that involves severing and sealing the vasa deferentia, preventing sperm from mixing with semen during ejaculation. Because a vasectomy does not impact the testes' ability to produce testosterone, hormone levels, libido, and sexual function generally remain unchanged. While vasectomy is highly effective in preventing pregnancy, with a success rate near 99.85%, rare cases of recanalization (spontaneous reconnection) can occur. Although vasectomy...
Menopause01:28

Menopause

Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...
Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH release.
Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle01:30

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems01:21

Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems

Controlled-release systems for intravaginal and intrauterine drug delivery have been developed primarily for the administration of contraceptive steroid hormones. These delivery routes circumvent first-pass hepatic metabolism, thereby enhancing bioavailability and allowing for reduced systemic dosages compared to oral administration. Such approaches contribute to improved therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance, particularly in long-term contraceptive regimens.Intravaginal Drug Delivery...
Hormonal Regulation01:40

Hormonal Regulation

Hormones regulate a significant portion of digestion through activation of the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system of digestion contains many different hormones all with multiple functions that are both, directly and indirectly, involved in digestion.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
06:18

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause

Published on: August 13, 2019

Contraceptive options during perimenopause.

Tony Bazi1, Tony G Zreik

  • 1American University of Beirut, PO Box 11-0236 Dept of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Riad El-Solh Beirut 1107 2020; Lebanon. tony.zreik@aub.edu.lb.

Women'S Health (London, England)
|October 7, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Perimenopausal women can still conceive and have various contraceptive options. Choices are influenced by health conditions, not just age, with this review focusing on evidence-based data for family planning.

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Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives
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Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives
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Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives

Published on: September 16, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Women's Health
  • Family Planning

Background:

  • Conception remains possible during the perimenopausal transition, though fertility declines.
  • Contraceptive needs persist for women in this age group.
  • Existing medical conditions, rather than age alone, present primary limitations for contraceptive selection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review contraceptive options for perimenopausal women.
  • To focus on evidence-based data for informed decision-making.
  • To address the specific reproductive health considerations during the menopausal transition.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of contraceptive methods.
  • Analysis of evidence-based data on efficacy and safety.
  • Consideration of contraindications related to comorbidities.

Main Results:

  • A wide range of contraceptive methods are suitable for perimenopausal women.
  • Method selection requires careful consideration of individual health profiles and coexisting conditions.
  • Hormonal and non-hormonal methods offer viable options.

Conclusions:

  • Perimenopausal women have diverse contraceptive choices.
  • Healthcare providers should individualize recommendations based on medical history.
  • Effective contraception is crucial for family planning during this life stage.