Percutaneous aortic valve replacement and mitral valve repair

For mitral regurgitation and aortic valve disease warranting replacement, the surgical approach has been the mainstay therapy since the 1960s. Technological advances have provided potentially less invasive alternatives to surgery. Novel catheter-based techniques include aortic valve replacement with a valved stent, and devices aimed at reconfiguring the annulus or approximating a portion of the leaflets for mitral regurgitation. The main considerations regarding aortic valved stents include device anchoring and orientation, potential restriction of coronary flow, optimal method of delivery, ideal leaflet material, stent characteristics, and valve durability. The catheter-based approaches to mitral regurgitation are undergoing further experimental and clinical evaluations, and its success will be partially dependent on a thorough understanding of the underlying valvular pathology. Patient selection will be a critical component in the long-term efficacy of these new therapies. Close collaboration among the cardiovascular specialists and biomedical engineers will enable the development of safe and effective devices.