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Relationship between selenium, immunity and resistance against infection.

A Dhur1, P Galan, S Hercberg

  • 1Institut Scientifique et Technique de l'Alimentation, Centre de Recherche sur les Anémies Nutritionnelles, Paris, France.

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. C, Comparative Pharmacology and Toxicology
|January 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

Selenium status impacts immune function. Adequate selenium intake supports resistance to infections and enhances immune cell activity, particularly in animals. Further human studies are needed to clarify these effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Immunology
  • Trace Element Metabolism

Background:

  • Selenium is an essential trace element crucial for various physiological functions.
  • Glutathione peroxidase, a key selenium-dependent enzyme, plays a vital role in cellular protection.
  • Dietary selenium intake influences selenium status and overall health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of selenium status on immune function.
  • To evaluate selenium's role in resistance against infections.
  • To summarize findings on selenium's effects on cellular and humoral immunity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental studies on animal models and limited human data.
  • Analysis of selenium's influence on T-cell dependent and independent immune responses.
  • Examination of selenium's effect on phagocytosis, bactericidal capacity, and natural killer cell activity.

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Main Results:

  • Selenium deficiency in animals often compromises T-cell functions and antibody production, especially when co-occurring with vitamin E deficiency.
  • Phagocytosis appears generally unaffected by selenium deficiency, but neutrophil bactericidal capacity may be altered.
  • Enhanced splenic Natural Killer cell activity is observed in selenium-supplemented healthy animals.
  • Limited human data suggests severe selenium deficiency may impair immune mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Selenium status significantly influences immune system function, with deficiency potentially compromising cellular and humoral immunity.
  • Adequate selenium supply appears beneficial for resistance against infections and optimal immune cell function, particularly in animal models.
  • Further research, especially in humans, is warranted to fully elucidate the complex relationship between selenium and immune responses.