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Real-time In Vitro Monitoring of Odorant Receptor Activation by an Odorant in the Vapor Phase

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Volatility of fragrance chemicals: patch testing implications.

Sarah J Gilpin¹, Xiaoying Hui, Howard I Maibach

¹Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Dermatitis : Contact, Atopic, Occupational, Drug

|October 7, 2009

Summary

Fragrance evaporation affects patch test doses, impacting allergy assessments. Volatility data for geraniol, citronellol, and diethyl phthalate (DEP) show significant dose loss, questioning predictive fragrance testing accuracy.

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Area of Science:

Dermatology
Toxicology
Cosmetic Science

Background:

Contact allergy diagnosis relies on fixed-dose patch testing for fragrance materials.
Fragrance volatility can alter the applied dose, affecting test accuracy.
Limited data exist on how fragrance evaporation impacts patch testing outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

Evaluate pH dependence and evaporation rates of geraniol, citronellol, and diethyl phthalate (DEP).
Assess the implications of fragrance volatility for predictive patch-testing methods.

Main Methods:

Materials (geraniol, citronellol, DEP) analyzed for pH at 1% concentration across pH 4.0, 5.0, and 7.0 over 40 hours.
Volatility assessed using non-radiolabeled and radiolabeled compounds over 24 hours with readings at multiple time points.

Main Results:

Evaporation rates were unaffected by pH changes (4.0-7.0).
Non-radiolabeled materials showed low evaporation: geraniol (8.9%), citronellol (27.0%), DEP (14.5%) after 24 hours.
Radiolabeled data indicated significant early volatility: geraniol (up to 39%), citronellol (up to 26%), DEP (up to 14%) within 40 minutes.

Conclusions:

Fragrance material evaporation can alter patch test doses and influence safety assessments.
Current predictive sensitization assay data using DEP cannot be generalized due to volatility.
Further research is needed to account for fragrance volatility in patch testing.