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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Published on: April 22, 2015

It's all about timing.

Gary T Philips¹, Thomas J Carew

¹Department of Neurobiology and Behavior and the Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92607-4450, USA.

|October 7, 2009

Summary

Long-term memory formation benefits from spaced learning over massed study. Researchers found corkscrew, a Ras/MAPK pathway activator, is key to optimal memory spacing intervals in fruit flies.

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Molecular Biology
Genetics

Background:

Spaced learning enhances long-term memory retention compared to massed study.
The molecular mechanisms underlying the spacing effect in memory formation are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the molecular basis of the spacing effect in memory formation.
To identify genes and signaling pathways involved in optimizing memory consolidation intervals.

Main Methods:

Utilized Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism.
Examined the role of the SHP2 homolog, corkscrew (csw).
Investigated the Ras/MAPK signaling pathway's involvement.

Main Results:

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Identified corkscrew (csw) as a crucial factor in the spacing effect.

Demonstrated that corkscrew activates the Ras/MAPK signaling pathway.

Showed corkscrew's role in establishing optimal spacing intervals for memory formation.

Conclusions:

Corkscrew is a key molecular player in the spacing effect of memory.
The Ras/MAPK pathway, modulated by corkscrew, is essential for optimal memory consolidation timing.