Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...
Focusing of Light in the Eye01:16

Focusing of Light in the Eye

Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...
Color Vision01:24

Color Vision

Color perception begins in the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. Two main theories explain how colors are seen: the trichromatic theory and the opponent-process theory. The trichromatic theory, proposed by Thomas Young in 1802 and extended by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1852, suggests that color vision is based on three types of cone receptors in the retina. These cones are sensitive to different but overlapping ranges of wavelengths corresponding to red, blue, and green.
Vision01:24

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
Visual Agnosia01:12

Visual Agnosia

Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round end"...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Venous Sinus Stenting Outcomes in Patients with Papilledema from Secondary Causes of Elevated Intracranial Pressure.

Neuro-ophthalmology (Aeolus Press)·2026
Same author

Pearls & Oy-sters: Radiologic Lag in Pediatric-Onset Multiple Sclerosis.

Neurology·2026
Same author

Characterizing the Role of Ophthalmologists in the Care of Patients With Suspected Giant Cell Arteritis at an Academic Medical Center.

Journal of neuro-ophthalmology : the official journal of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society·2026
Same author

Compressive Optic Neuropathy Due to Dolichoectatic Ophthalmic Artery.

Neuro-ophthalmology (Aeolus Press)·2026
Same author

Management of adverse events in patients with pediatric low-grade glioma treated with MAPK-directed therapies: Delphi consensus recommendations and unmet needs.

Neuro-oncology practice·2026
Same author

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and the Risk of Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy: A Consensus Statement by the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society and the American Academy of Ophthalmology.

Ophthalmology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

A Gaze-Contingent Display Framework for Perceptual Learning Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss
07:12

A Gaze-Contingent Display Framework for Perceptual Learning Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Published on: April 11, 2025

Glazed (vision) and confused.

Heather E Moss1, Grant T Liu, Josep Dalmau

  • 1Division of Neuro-Ophthalmology, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. Heather.Moss@uphs.upenn.edu

Survey of Ophthalmology
|October 7, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A patient with vision loss and cognitive changes was found to have small cell lung cancer causing a rare paraneoplastic syndrome. Treatment improved his neurological and visual symptoms.

More Related Videos

Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential
07:11

Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential

Published on: May 25, 2020

Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition
07:45

Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition

Published on: July 21, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

A Gaze-Contingent Display Framework for Perceptual Learning Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss
07:12

A Gaze-Contingent Display Framework for Perceptual Learning Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Published on: April 11, 2025

Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential
07:11

Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential

Published on: May 25, 2020

Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition
07:45

Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition

Published on: July 21, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Neuro-oncology
  • Ophthalmology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Paraneoplastic syndromes can manifest with diverse neurological and ocular symptoms.
  • Anti-CRMP5 (collapsin response mediator protein 5) immunoglobulin G (IgG) is a rare antibody associated with specific cancers and neurological disorders.

Observation:

  • A 60-year-old man presented with vitritis, optic neuropathy, headaches, and behavioral changes.
  • Brain MRI showed limbic encephalitis, indicating inflammation in the temporal lobes.
  • The patient was diagnosed with small cell lung cancer, with CRMP5 IgG identified as the cause of his paraneoplastic syndrome.

Findings:

  • Anti-CRMP5 IgG-associated paraneoplastic syndrome can present with significant visual and cognitive impairment.
  • Anti-inflammatory therapy led to marked improvement in visual symptoms.
  • Systemic chemotherapy resulted in mild improvement in cognitive symptoms.

Implications:

  • Early diagnosis and targeted therapy are crucial for managing CRMP5 IgG-associated paraneoplastic syndromes.
  • This case highlights the importance of considering paraneoplastic syndromes in patients with unexplained neurological and ocular inflammation.
  • Understanding the pathophysiology of CRMP5 IgG antibodies can guide treatment strategies and improve patient outcomes.