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Related Concept Videos

Surveys02:16

Surveys

Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination02:55

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who are...
Bias in Epidemiological Studies01:29

Bias in Epidemiological Studies

Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Detection of Architectural Distortion in Prior Mammograms via Analysis of Oriented Patterns
13:44

Detection of Architectural Distortion in Prior Mammograms via Analysis of Oriented Patterns

Published on: August 30, 2013

Behavioral constructs and mammography in five ethnic groups.

Susan L Stewart1, William Rakowski, Rena J Pasick

  • 1Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0981, USA. SStewart@cc.ucsf.edu

Health Education & Behavior : the Official Publication of the Society for Public Health Education
|October 7, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Health behavior theories predict cancer screening in diverse women. Intention and self-efficacy were strong predictors, but predictive value varied across racial and ethnic groups.

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Changes in Mammary Gland Morphology and Breast Cancer Risk in Rats
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Changes in Mammary Gland Morphology and Breast Cancer Risk in Rats

Published on: October 16, 2010

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Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Detection of Architectural Distortion in Prior Mammograms via Analysis of Oriented Patterns
13:44

Detection of Architectural Distortion in Prior Mammograms via Analysis of Oriented Patterns

Published on: August 30, 2013

Changes in Mammary Gland Morphology and Breast Cancer Risk in Rats
09:36

Changes in Mammary Gland Morphology and Breast Cancer Risk in Rats

Published on: October 16, 2010

Area of Science:

  • Health Behavior Science
  • Cancer Screening Research
  • Health Disparities

Background:

  • Health behavior theories offer frameworks for understanding health actions.
  • Key constructs include intention, self-efficacy, perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits, and subjective norms.
  • Predictive validity of these constructs for cancer screening in multiethnic populations requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To ascertain the predictive validity of key health behavior constructs for mammography screening.
  • To examine these associations in a multiethnic population of women.
  • To identify potential racial/ethnic differences in the predictive value of these constructs.

Main Methods:

  • A telephone survey was conducted with 1,463 African American, Chinese, Filipina, Latina, and White women aged 40-74.
  • Baseline data on health behavior constructs were collected in participants' preferred languages.
  • Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between constructs and mammography screening 2 years later.

Main Results:

  • Intention significantly predicted mammography overall and among White women (OR=5.0).
  • Self-efficacy predicted mammography overall and among White women (OR=3.5).
  • Perceived benefits and subjective norms showed associations with screening in some groups, with mixed predictive value across racial/ethnic groups.

Conclusions:

  • Four of the five health behavior constructs generally support cross-cultural applicability to cancer screening.
  • Predictive value of these constructs varied across different racial and ethnic groups.
  • Further research is needed to refine the assessment of these constructs for diverse populations.