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Related Concept Videos

Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction01:28

Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction

DefinitionTraumatic brain injury, or TBI, is a disturbance of normal brain function induced by an external mechanical force, such as a direct blow to the head or a penetrating injury. It can affect both brain structure and function, producing a wide range of clinical outcomes. TBI is a heterogeneous condition, meaning its effects may differ based on the type, location, and severity of the injury.Basis of ClassificationTBI is classified based on severity, injury mechanism, or pathophysiology. In...
Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...
Overview of the Skull01:08

Overview of the Skull

The cranium (skull) is the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain. It is subdivided into the facial bones and the brain case, or cranial vault. The facial bones underlie the facial structures, form the nasal cavity, enclose the eyeballs, and support the teeth of the upper and lower jaws.
The cranial vault surrounds and protects the brain and houses the middle and inner ear structures. This cavity is bounded superiorly by the rounded top of the skull, which...
Sutures of the Skull01:22

Sutures of the Skull

The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View

The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction01:14

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...

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Assessing Changes in Synaptic Plasticity Using an Awake Closed-Head Injury Model of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
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[Cranial birth trauma].

P Papanagiotou1, T Rohrer, C Roth

  • 1Klinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Neuroradiologie, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Deutschland. panagiotis_papanagiotou@hotmail.com

Der Radiologe
|October 7, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Birth trauma encompasses infant injuries during delivery, including cranial trauma from mechanical forces like caput succedaneum and cephalhematoma. Systemic asphyxia can lead to hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.

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Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal medicine
  • Pediatric neurology
  • Obstetrics

Context:

  • Birth trauma refers to infant injuries sustained during the birthing process.
  • Mechanical forces during delivery can cause significant cranial injuries.
  • Systemic asphyxia is a critical event during birth with severe consequences.

Purpose:

  • To categorize and describe common birth-related infant injuries.
  • To outline specific types of cranial trauma resulting from birth.
  • To identify hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy as a consequence of birth-related asphyxia.

Summary:

  • Birth trauma encompasses a range of injuries to newborns during labor and delivery.
  • Cranial injuries include caput succedaneum, cephalhematoma, subgaleal hematoma, and intracranial hemorrhaging, often caused by mechanical stress.
  • Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy is a severe outcome linked to oxygen deprivation during birth.

Impact:

  • Understanding birth trauma is crucial for timely diagnosis and management of neonatal injuries.
  • Identifying specific cranial injuries aids in targeted treatment strategies.
  • Recognizing the link between asphyxia and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy emphasizes the need for preventative measures during birth.