Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia
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Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Disruption of the Blood-Spinal Cord Barrier Using Low-Intensity Focused Ultrasound in a Rat Model
Published on: March 10, 2023
Roger A Cook1, Richard P Driver
1Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, WV, USA.
This case report details a successful single-shot, through-the-needle caudal epidural blood patch (EBP) for persistent cerebrospinal fluid leakage after lumbosacral laminectomy. This method offers a potentially effective alternative to catheter-based procedures.
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