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Related Concept Videos

Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability. Many...
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge02:54

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge

An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human eye.
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...

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Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
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Ferromagnetic CoPt3 nanowires: structural evolution from fcc to ordered L1(2).

Hao Ming Chen1, Chia Fen Hsin, Po Yuan Chen

  • 1Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|October 8, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Magnetic properties of Cobalt-Platinum (CoPt3) nanowires are enhanced by a thermally induced phase transition. This transition from a random alloy to an ordered L1(2) structure improves coercivity and squareness.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Magnetism

Background:

  • Cobalt-Platinum (CoPt3) alloys are known for their magnetic properties.
  • Nanostructured materials offer unique physical characteristics.
  • Controlling phase transitions is crucial for tuning material properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the magnetic properties and nanostructures of electrodeposited CoPt3 wire arrays.
  • To understand the phase transition occurring in CoPt3 nanowires.
  • To correlate atomic distribution with magnetic behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of CoPt3 wire arrays using electrodeposition and porous alumina templates.
  • X-ray absorption analysis to study phase transitions.
  • Magnetic property measurements (coercivity, squareness).

Main Results:

  • X-ray absorption confirmed a phase transition in CoPt3 nanowires.
  • The transition was from a random alloy to an anisotropically ordered CoPt3 (L1(2)) structure.
  • This phase transition significantly enhanced magnetic properties, including coercivity and squareness.

Conclusions:

  • A thermally induced phase transition mechanism in CoPt3 nanowires, involving a 'cluster-in-cluster' intermediate state and interdiffusion, was revealed.
  • A strong correlation exists between the atomic distribution and the magnetic character of CoPt3 nanowires.
  • The findings provide insights into controlling magnetic properties through structural ordering in nanowires.