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Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Problem-Solving Before Instruction (PS-I): A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities
Published on: September 11, 2021
An integrative approach to assessment supervision
1Department of Graduate Psychology, Immaculata University, Immaculatea, Pennsylvania 19345, USA. jyalof@immaculata.edu
Abstract:
Psychological assessment supervision requires the application of technical, conceptual, and interpersonal interventions that address the supervisee's skills, knowledge, and ethical competencies. This article discusses assessment domains that are fundamental to helping trainees refine technical and reasoning skills, and utilizes Jacob, David, and Meyer's (1995) application of Johnson-Laird's (1988) typology of thought as a supervisory technique that encourages the supervisee's inductive, associative, creative, and self-reflective thinking in response to clinical situations. A clinical illustration is presented.
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