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Related Concept Videos

Accessory Structures of the Eye01:17

Accessory Structures of the Eye

Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
Focusing of Light in the Eye01:16

Focusing of Light in the Eye

Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...
Genetic Lingo01:11

Genetic Lingo

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

In Vivo Confocal Microscopy in the Diagnosis and Management of Dry Eye: A Focus on Imaging Protocols and Interpretation
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Published on: November 11, 2025

Conformational diseases: looking into the eyes.

Alexei Surguchev1, Andrei Surguchov

  • 1Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.

Brain Research Bulletin
|October 8, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Conformational diseases result from misfolded protein accumulation, affecting organs like the brain and eye. This review explores ocular protein misfolding, its mechanisms, and potential treatments.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Conformational diseases arise from accumulated unfolded or misfolded proteins.
  • These proteins can form amorphous aggregates or ordered amyloid fibrils.
  • Disease onset is often late or episodic due to gradual accumulation and stress acceleration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present data on naturally unfolded and misfolded proteins in eye tissues.
  • To elucidate their structure-function relationships and molecular mechanisms in disease.
  • To summarize the etiology and discuss treatment approaches for ocular conformational diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on protein misfolding and aggregation.
  • Analysis of structure-function relationships of proteins involved in ocular diseases.

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  • Summary of etiological factors and therapeutic strategies.

    • Main Results:

    • Protein misfolding and aggregation are implicated in over 40 disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases and amyloidosis.
    • Ocular tissues are affected by conformational diseases, such as cataract and retinitis pigmentosa.
    • Systemic amyloidosis can manifest in various ocular tissues.

    Conclusions:

    • Misfolded proteins contribute significantly to various ocular pathologies.
    • Understanding molecular mechanisms is key to developing effective treatments.
    • Further research into ocular conformational diseases and their management is warranted.